Aksumite eraal-Ḥasanī 2017

Rebuilding Ṣyrtān after an Abyssinian attack

A damaged building inscription records repairs to a city, houses, towers, and a burial place after an attack by an Abyssinian army. The surviving year-number is 98 or 198; its absolute date is not established here.

Date
Middle Sabaic period; absolute date uncertain
Place
Jabal Ḏaẖār, Yemen
Language
Sabaic
Script
Ancient South Arabian

01 · Original text

Sabaic

Ancient South ArabianComplete surviving text

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩱𐩮𐩵𐩤 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧 𐩥-𐩱(𐩡)𐩲[... ...]
𐩬𐩠𐩺𐩣 𐩥-𐩹-𐩺𐩵𐩣 𐩨𐩧𐩱𐩥 𐩥-𐩻𐩥𐩨 𐩥-𐩠𐩤𐩦𐩨 𐩥-𐩪𐩩𐩤𐩢𐩥 [...]
𐩭𐩡𐩰 𐩥-𐩴𐩬𐩱 𐩥-𐩮𐩥𐩨𐩩 𐩠𐩴𐩧-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩮𐩺𐩧𐩩𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩰𐩵𐩬 𐩺𐩰[𐩲𐩬]
𐩥-𐩨𐩺𐩩𐩬𐩺𐩬𐩠𐩬 𐩬𐩲𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩦𐩨𐩲𐩬 𐩰-𐩻𐩥𐩨𐩥 𐩨𐩬 𐩣𐩥𐩻𐩧𐩬 𐩲𐩵𐩺 𐩣𐩧𐩺𐩣𐩬
𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩰𐩵𐩩𐩬 𐩧𐩵𐩲𐩣 𐩥-𐩧𐩸𐩬𐩣 𐩥-𐩺𐩲𐩧𐩣 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩰𐩵𐩣 ((𐩣𐩢𐩰𐩵𐩣)) 𐩪𐩥𐩬 𐩭𐩰—
(𐩧)𐩩𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩰𐩵𐩬 𐩺𐩠𐩥𐩬𐩲 𐩰-𐩠𐩤𐩦𐩨𐩥 𐩨𐩤𐩺𐩧𐩩𐩣 ((𐩨-𐩤𐩺𐩧𐩩𐩣)) 𐩨𐩬 𐩠𐩥𐩻𐩧𐩬 𐩲𐩵𐩺 𐩣𐩧𐩺𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩤𐩨𐩧—
(𐩩𐩬) 𐩣𐩢𐩥𐩧𐩬 𐩰-𐩻𐩥𐩨𐩥 𐩥-𐩣𐩥𐩧𐩣𐩣 ((𐩥𐩣𐩥𐩧𐩣𐩣)) 𐩥-𐩨-𐩲𐩡𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩧𐩰𐩤𐩣 𐩰-𐩻𐩥𐩨𐩥 𐩥-𐩧𐩢𐩨 𐩥-𐩴𐩺𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩡[...]
[... ...](𐩨)[.]𐩡𐩱𐩬 𐩨-𐩣𐩪𐩤𐩺 𐩠𐩴𐩧-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩰-𐩻𐩥𐩨𐩥 𐩥-𐩴𐩺𐩧𐩬 𐩨𐩲𐩵-𐩬-𐩹𐩩 𐩵𐩠𐩧𐩥 𐩥-𐩢𐩰[...]
[𐩠𐩴𐩧-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩮](𐩺)𐩧𐩩𐩬 𐩭𐩣𐩪 𐩱𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩬 𐩨-𐩺𐩥𐩣 𐩫𐩥𐩬 𐩳𐩧𐩣 𐩡-𐩭𐩣𐩪 𐩢𐩣[𐩺𐩧𐩣] [...]
[... ...] 𐩨-𐩧𐩵𐩱 𐩥-𐩣𐩤𐩣 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 𐩦𐩧𐩤𐩬 𐩥-𐩱𐩦𐩣[?]-𐩠𐩣𐩥
[... ...] (𐩱𐩡)-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩦𐩺𐩱𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩨𐩧 𐩥-𐩨-𐩪𐩲𐩵 𐩥-𐩣𐩤𐩣 𐩱𐩣—
[... ...] [... ...]𐩪𐩡[.] 𐩥-𐩥𐩦𐩲𐩬 𐩱𐩵𐩣-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩲𐩦𐩧-𐩠𐩣𐩥
[... ...] [𐩭𐩧]𐩺𐩰𐩬 𐩹-𐩡-𐩻𐩣𐩬𐩩 𐩥-𐩩𐩪𐩲𐩺
[... ...]-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥𐩬[... ...]

Normalized Unicode reading. At line 10, DASI prints an unqualified s in ʾs²ms-hmw; its native-script equivalent is left [?] here rather than guessed. The transliteration preserves the source reading.

Scholarly transliteration

ʾls²rḥ ʾṣdq w-bny-hw ʾls²r w-ʾ(l)ʿ[... ...] Nhym w-ḏ-Ydm brʾw w-ṯwb w-hqs²b w-s¹tqḥw [...] ḫlf w-gnʾ w-ṣwbt hgr-hmw Ṣyrtn w-mḥfdn Yf[ʿn] w-bytnynhn Nʿmn w-S²bʿn f-ṯwbw bn mwṯrn ʿdy mrymn w-mḥfdtn Rdʿm w-Rznm w-Yʿrm w-Mḥfdm ((mḥfdm)) s¹wn ḫf— (r)tn w-mḥfdn Yhwnʿ f-hqs²bw bqyrtm ((b-qyrtm)) bn hwṯrn ʿdy mrymn w-mqbr— (tn) Mḥwrn f-ṯwbw w-mwrmm ((Wmwrmm)) w-b-ʿly-hw rfqm f-ṯwbw w-rḥb w-gyrn w-l[...] [... ...](b)[.]lʾn b-ms¹qy hgr-hmw f-ṯwbw w-gyrn bʿd-n-ḏt dhrw w-ḥf[...] [hgr-hmw Ṣ](y)rtn ḫms¹ ʾḥbs²n b-ywm kwn ḍrm l-ḫms¹ Ḥm[yrm] [...] [... ...] b-rdʾ w-mqm ʿṯtr S²rqn w-ʾs²ms-hmw [... ...] (ʾl)-hmw S²yʾn w-Ḥbr w-b-s¹ʿd w-mqm ʾm— [... ...] [... ...]s¹l[.] w-ws²ʿn ʾdm-hmw ʿs²r-hmw [... ...] [ḫr]yfn ḏ-l-ṯmnt w-ts¹ʿy [... ...]-hmw wn[... ...]

02 · Translation

English translation

1–14

ʾls²rḥ ʾṣdq and his sons ʾls²r and ʾlʿ[......] Nhym and of the family Ydm built, repaired, constructed, and completed [...] the gate, the walls, the construction associated with the walls of their city Ṣyrtn, the tower Yfʿn, the two houses Nʿmn and S²bʿn, then they repaired from the foundations to the roof, and the towers Rdʿm, Rznm, Yʿrm and Mḥfdm (or: and a tower) towards the protection and the tower Yhwnʿ; they constructed a levelled field (or: with tar (?) from the founding to the roof and the burial place Mḥwrn, then they repaired Wmwrmm (?) and on it a rfq (?); then they repaired and plastered [...] [... ...] in the irrigated land of their city; then they repaired and plastered after that the Abyssinian army burned and [...] their city Ṣyrtn, when there was a war to the army of Ḥmyrm [...] [... ...] with the help and the power of ʿṯtr S²rqn and their solar deities [...] [... ...] their god S²yʾn and Ḥbr and with the beneficence and the power of [...] [... ...] and the directive of their people, their group [... ...] [... ...] the year 98 (or: 198) [... ...]

DASI / CSAI, CSAI; line breaks joined and evident spelling errors corrected. Record data: CC BY 4.0.

Sources

Editions & references

Edition, catalogue, and image records used for this entry.

  1. al-Ḥasanī 2017

    al-Ḥasanī 2017. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.

  2. Aksum and South Arabia

    George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.