Aksumite eraCIH 621

The fortress of Mwyt

Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ and his sons record repairs to a fortress after returning from Ḥabašat and an Abyssinian invasion of Ḥimyar.

Date
530 CE
Place
Biʾr ʿAlī, Yemen
Language
Late Sabaic
Script
Ancient South Arabian

01 · Original text

Late Sabaic

Ancient South ArabianComplete surviving text

𐩪𐩣𐩺𐩰𐩲 𐩱𐩦𐩥𐩲 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩦𐩧𐩢𐩨𐩱𐩡 𐩺𐩫𐩣𐩡 𐩥-𐩣𐩲𐩵𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩺𐩲𐩰𐩧 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩡𐩢𐩺𐩲𐩩 |
𐩺𐩧𐩭𐩣 𐩱𐩡𐩠𐩩 𐩫𐩡𐩲𐩬 𐩥-𐩹-𐩺𐩸𐩱𐩬 𐩥-𐩴𐩵𐩬𐩣 𐩥-𐩣𐩻𐩡𐩬 𐩥-𐩦𐩧𐩤𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩨𐩣 𐩥-𐩺𐩻𐩲𐩬
𐩥-𐩺𐩦𐩧𐩣 𐩥-𐩺𐩧𐩯 𐩥-𐩣𐩫𐩧𐩨𐩣 𐩥-𐩲𐩤𐩠𐩩 𐩥-𐩨𐩯𐩱𐩺𐩬 𐩥-𐩺𐩡𐩶𐩨 𐩥-𐩶𐩺𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩺𐩮𐩨𐩧
𐩥-𐩦𐩨𐩢𐩣 𐩥-𐩴𐩵𐩥𐩺𐩬 𐩥-𐩫𐩯𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩧𐩭𐩺𐩩 𐩥-𐩴𐩧𐩵𐩬 𐩥-𐩤𐩨𐩡𐩬 𐩥-𐩦𐩧𐩴𐩺 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩣𐩡𐩢𐩣
𐩥-𐩱𐩦𐩲𐩨-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥𐩢𐩼𐩩 𐩥-𐩱𐩡𐩠𐩬 𐩥-𐩪𐩡𐩰𐩬 𐩥-𐩳𐩺𐩰𐩩(𐩬) 𐩥-𐩧𐩻𐩢𐩣 𐩥-𐩧𐩫𐩨𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩷𐩡𐩰<𐩩>—
𐩬 𐩥-𐩪𐩱𐩫𐩡𐩬 𐩥-𐩯𐩫𐩧𐩵 𐩥-𐩫𐩨𐩥𐩧 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩧𐩴 𐩪𐩺𐩨(𐩬)( 𐩹)-𐩬𐩮𐩰 𐩪𐩷𐩧𐩥 𐩹𐩬 𐩣𐩯𐩬𐩵𐩬 𐩨-𐩲—
𐩧𐩬 𐩣𐩥𐩺𐩩 𐩫-𐩻𐩥𐩨-𐩠𐩥 𐩴𐩬𐩱𐩩-𐩠𐩥 𐩥-𐩭𐩡𐩰-𐩠𐩥 𐩥-𐩣𐩱𐩴𐩡𐩩-𐩠𐩥 𐩥-𐩣𐩬𐩤𐩡𐩩-𐩠𐩥
𐩫-𐩪𐩩𐩮𐩬𐩲𐩥 𐩨-𐩠𐩥 𐩫-𐩴𐩨𐩱𐩥 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩧𐩳 𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩩 𐩥-𐩱𐩪𐩺𐩥 𐩱𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩬 𐩸𐩧𐩰—
𐩩𐩬 𐩨-𐩱𐩧𐩳 𐩢𐩣𐩺𐩧𐩣 𐩫-𐩠𐩧𐩴𐩥 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩢𐩣𐩺𐩧𐩣 𐩥-𐩱𐩤𐩥𐩡-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩢𐩣𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩱𐩧𐩢𐩨𐩬
𐩥𐩧𐩭-𐩠𐩥 𐩹-𐩢𐩡𐩩𐩬 𐩹-𐩡-𐩱𐩧𐩨𐩲𐩺 𐩥-𐩪𐩻 𐩣𐩱𐩩𐩣 𐩭𐩧𐩰𐩩𐩣

Normalized Unicode reading from the cited edition; editorial brackets and uncertain readings are retained.

Scholarly transliteration

S¹myfʿ ʾs²wʿ w-bny-hw S²rḥbʾl Ykml w-Mʿdkrb Yʿfr bny Lḥyʿt | Yrḫm ʾlht Klʿn w-ḏ-Yzʾn w-Gdnm w-Mṯln w-S²rqn w-Ḥbm w-Yṯʿn w-Ys²rm w-Yrs³ w-Mkrbm w-ʿqht w-Bs³ʾyn w-Ylġb w-Ġymn w-Yṣbr w-S²bḥm w-Gdwyn w-Ks³rn w-Rḫyt w-Grdn w-Qbln w-S²rgy w-bny Mlḥm w-ʾs²ʿb-hmw Wḥẓt w-ʾlhn w-S¹lfn w-Ḍyft(n) w-Rṯḥm w-Rkbn w-Mṭlf<t>— n w-S¹ʾkln w-S³krd w-kbwr w-mḥrg S¹yb(n)( ḏ)-Nṣf s¹ṭrw ḏn ms³ndn b-ʿ— rn Mwyt k-ṯwb-hw gnʾt-hw w-ḫlf-hw w-mʾglt-hw w-mnqlt-hw k-s¹tṣnʿw b-hw k-gbʾw bn ʾrḍ Ḥbs²t w-ʾs¹yw ʾḥbs²n zrf— tn b-ʾrḍ Ḥmyrm k-hrgw mlk Ḥmyrm w-ʾqwl-hw ʾḥmrn w-ʾrḥbn wrḫ-hw ḏ-Ḥltn ḏ-l-ʾrbʿy w-s¹ṯ mʾtm ḫrftm

02 · Translation

English translation

1–9

S¹myfʿ ʾs²wʿ and his sons, S²rḥbʾl Ykml and Mʿdkrb Yʿfr, sons of Lḥyʿt Yrḫm, those of Klʿn, ḏ-Yzʾn, Gdnm, Mṯln, S²rqn, Ḥbm, Yṯʿn, Ys²rm, Yrs³, Mkrbm, ʿqht, Bs³ʾyn, Ylġb, Ġymn, Yṣbr S²bḥm, Gdwyn, Ks³rn, Rḫyt, Grdn, Qbln, S²rgy, banū Mlḥm and their tribes Wḥẓt, ʾlhn, S¹lfn, Ḍyftn, Rṯḥm, Rkbn, Mṭlft‒ n, S¹ʾkln, S³krd and the kabirs and the governors of S¹ybn ḏ-Nṣf wrote this inscription in the fortress of Mwyt, when they repaired its walls, its gate, its cisterns and its routes of entry, when they are fortified in it, when they came back from the land of Abyssinia, and the Abyssinians sent the army to the land of Ḥimyar, when they killed the king of Ḥimyar and his ʾqwl, Ḥimyarites and Raḥbanites.

10

The month of Ḥltn of the six hundred forty.

DASI / CSAI, CSAI; line breaks joined and evident spelling errors corrected. Record data: CC BY 4.0.

Sources

Editions & references

Edition, catalogue, and image records used for this entry.

  1. CIH 621 Ry 342; RES 2633; RES 5091

    CIH 621 Ry 342; RES 2633; RES 5091. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.

  2. Aksum and South Arabia

    George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.

Habesha History corpus

Greg Fisher (ed.), Arabs and Empires before Islam (2015), p. 162

Greg Fisher (ed.), Arabs and Empires before Islam (2015), p. 558