Aksumite eraIr 20

A western expedition

Hʿn dedicates a bronze statue after a campaign against Abyssinian forces under Nashʾakarib Yuʾmin Yuharḥib.

Date
3rd century CE
Place
Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen
Language
Sabaic
Script
Ancient South Arabian

01 · Original text

Sabaic

Ancient South ArabianComplete surviving text

𐩠𐩲𐩬 [... ...] 𐩣𐩤𐩩𐩥𐩺 𐩬𐩦𐩱𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩺𐩱𐩣𐩬 𐩺𐩠𐩧𐩢𐩨 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩥-𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠-𐩨𐩲𐩡-𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩮𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩹-𐩹𐩠𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩣𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩹𐩩 𐩠𐩥𐩰𐩺 𐩲𐩨𐩵-𐩠𐩥 𐩠𐩲𐩬 𐩨-𐩫𐩡 𐩱𐩣𐩡𐩱 𐩪𐩩𐩣𐩡𐩱 𐩨-𐩲𐩣-𐩠𐩥 𐩨-𐩫𐩬 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩣𐩲𐩧𐩨𐩬 𐩨-𐩤𐩠𐩩 𐩣𐩧𐩱-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩥-𐩱𐩩𐩥𐩥 𐩨-𐩱𐩢𐩡𐩡𐩣 𐩥-𐩪𐩨𐩺𐩣 𐩥-𐩶𐩬𐩣𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩬 𐩹-𐩲𐩵𐩥𐩥 𐩨-𐩲𐩣 𐩧𐩪𐩣 𐩥-𐩹-𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩪𐩠𐩧𐩬
𐩥-𐩢𐩣𐩵𐩥 𐩭𐩺𐩡 𐩥-𐩣𐩤𐩣 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠 𐩫-𐩩𐩱𐩥𐩡𐩥 𐩨-𐩥𐩰𐩺𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩣𐩧𐩳𐩣 𐩥-𐩪𐩵𐩣𐩣 𐩥-𐩡-𐩥𐩸𐩱 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠 𐩠𐩮𐩵𐩤𐩬 𐩥-𐩠𐩥𐩰𐩺𐩬 𐩲𐩨𐩵-𐩠𐩥 𐩠𐩲𐩬 𐩨-𐩫𐩡 𐩱𐩣𐩡𐩱 𐩺𐩪𐩩𐩣𐩡𐩱𐩬 𐩨-𐩲𐩣-𐩠𐩥 𐩥-𐩡-𐩭𐩣𐩧-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩥𐩡𐩵𐩣 𐩱𐩹𐩫𐩧𐩣 𐩠𐩬𐩱𐩣 𐩥-𐩱𐩻𐩣𐩧-𐩮𐩵𐩤𐩣 𐩥-𐩤𐩬𐩺𐩣 𐩠𐩬𐩱𐩣 𐩹-𐩺𐩠𐩧𐩳𐩥𐩬-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩡-𐩭𐩧𐩺𐩬-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩡𐩼𐩩𐩣 𐩥-𐩦𐩮𐩺 𐩥-𐩬𐩳𐩲 𐩥-𐩩𐩻𐩲𐩩 𐩦𐩬𐩱𐩣 𐩹-𐩧𐩢𐩤 𐩥-𐩤𐩧𐩨 𐩥-𐩡-𐩹𐩩 𐩬𐩲𐩣𐩩{𐩣} 𐩥-𐩩𐩬𐩲𐩣𐩬 𐩡-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩨-𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠 𐩨𐩲𐩡 𐩱𐩥𐩣

Normalized Unicode reading from the cited edition; editorial brackets and uncertain readings are retained.

Scholarly transliteration

Hʿn [... ...] mqtwy Ns²ʾkrb Yʾmn Yhrḥb mlk S¹bʾ w-ḏ-Rydn bn ʾls²rḥ Yḥḍb w-Yʾzl Byn mlky S¹bʾ w-ḏ-Rydn hqny ʾlmqh-bʿl-ʾwm ṣlmn ḏ-ḏhbn ḥmdm b-ḏt hwfy ʿbd-hw Hʿn b-kl ʾmlʾ s¹tmlʾ b-ʿm-hw b-kn s¹bʾ mʿrbn b-qht mrʾ-hmw mlkn w-ʾtww b-ʾḥllm w-s¹bym w-ġnmm bn ʾḥbs²n ḏ-ʿdww b-ʿm Rs¹m w-ḏ-bn ʾs¹hrn w-ḥmdw ḫyl w-mqm ʾlmqh k-tʾwlw b-wfym bn mrḍm w-s¹dmm w-l-wzʾ ʾlmqh hṣdqn w-hwfyn ʿbd-hw Hʿn b-kl ʾmlʾ ys¹tmlʾn b-ʿm-hw w-l-ḫmr-hw ʾwldm ʾḏkrm hnʾm w-ʾṯmr-ṣdqm w-qnym hnʾm ḏ-yhrḍwn-hmw w-l-ḫryn-hmw bn ḥlẓtm w-s²ṣy w-nḍʿ w-tṯʿt s²nʾm ḏ-rḥq w-qrb w-l-ḏt nʿmt{m} w-tnʿmn l-hmw b-ʾlmqh bʿl ʾwm

02 · Translation

English translation

1–2

Hʿn [... ...] mqtwy of Ns²ʾkrb Yʾmn Yhrḥb, king of Sabaʾ and ḏu-Raydān, son of ʾls²rḥ Yḥḍb and Yʾzl Byn, kings of Sabaʾ and ḏu-Raydān, dedicated to ʾlmqh, Lord of ʾwm, the statue in bronze in praise because He satisfied His servant Hʿn in all the favours he requested from Him, when he carried on an expedition to the west, by the order of their lord, the king, and they came back with spoils and prisoners and booty (taken) from the Abyssinians who had attacked with Rs¹m and some of those of S¹hr; they praised the might and the power of ʾlmqh because they returned in safety from any sickness and ill-health, and may ʾlmqh fulfil and satisfy His servant Hʿn in all the favours he will request from Him, and may He grant him healthy male children and good crops and sound cattle that will satisfy them, and may He deliver them from sickness, malice, calumny and maleficence of any enemy, far or near, and for what has been favourable and may be favourable to them. By ʾlmqh, Lord of ʾwm.

DASI / CSAI, CSAI; line breaks joined and evident spelling errors corrected. Record data: CC BY 4.0.

Numbers follow Iryānī’s paragraphs rather than the physical lines on the stone.

Sources

Editions & references

Edition, catalogue, and image records used for this entry.

  1. Ir 20

    Ir 20. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.

  2. Aksum and South Arabia

    George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.