01 · Original text
Geʿez
EthiopicExcerpt · opening titulary, lines 1–4
ዐዘነ ነገሠ አከሰመ [ወ]ሐመየረ ወከሰ ወሰበአ ወሐበሠተ ወረየደነ ወሰለሐ ወጸየመ ወበገ ነገሠ ነገሠተ ወለደ መሐረመ ዘ[አ]የተመወአ
Normalized transcription from the cited reading; original letterforms appear in the image.
Scholarly transliteration
ʿzn ngś ʾksm [w]ḥmyr wks wsbʾ wḥbśt wrydn wslḥ wṣym wbg ngś ngśt wld mḥrm z[ʾ]ytmwʾ
02 · Translation
English translation
ʿEzana, king of Aksum, Himyar, Kāsū, Sabaʾ, Ḥabašat, Raydān, Salḥēn, Ṣeyāmō, and Bega; king of kings, son of unconquered Maḥrem…
English rendering after Beta Maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 185 II (CC BY-SA 4.0); compared with Binyam and Krebs (2024), p. 14.
The displayed main text remains an aligned excerpt; the witness below supplies the checked complete translation. The displayed main text remains an aligned excerpt; the witness below supplies the checked complete translation. The displayed main text remains an aligned excerpt; the witness below supplies the checked complete translation.
03 · Parallel texts
Other language witnesses
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01Complete English translationGeʿez · Ethiopic
Native-script transcription is not available here.
Complete English translation. The original text is preserved in the cited edition and artifact image.
1. <We,> ʿEzana, king of Aksum, Ḥimyar, Raydān, Ḥabašat, and Sabaʾ, and 2. of Salḥe<n>, Ṣeyāmo, Kāsū, and Bega, king of kings, son of Maḥram, who is not 3. defeated <by the enemy>, when the people of Bega revolted, we sent our brothers Saʿazana and Hadefa to 4. make war on them. When they arrived in their country, six kings with their troops submitted. 5. When they had submitted, they deported them from their country, with their children, their women, 6. their troops, and their cattle—the number of the people of the 7. six kings being (gap for numerals), and of their cattle 8. (gap for numerals), and of their sheep and pack animals (gap for numerals)— 9. feeding them, from the day on which they had brought them out of their country, 10. each day (gap for numerals) loaves of spelt bread and meat 11. sufficient for them, and giving them beer and wine to drink to satiety, 12. for four months. When they arrived at Aksum, 13. with us, we clothed them—the whole of their people—we presented ornaments 14. to their kings, and we sent them to settle in the land 15. MḌ, a region of our country. We ordered that they be fed there, and we 16. allotted to each king (gap for numerals) cattle, that is, 17. for the six [kings] (gap for numerals). And we offered 18. to Maḥram, who begot us, in thanksgiving, one golden statue, 19. one silver [statue and three bronze statues]. We wrote this 20. inscription, we erected [it and offered it] to ʿAstar [and] 21. to Baḥer and [to Maḥram, who begot us. And] if anyone 22. destroys this stone, may [he be blinded and …], 23. may he, his family, and his children be driven from his country, 24. and may he be cu[t off from …]. And just as 25. we erected [this stone], may it be propitious 26. for us and for our [country, forever].
Habesha History translation of Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), pp. 197–198.
Fresh English translation made directly from Drewes’s French Traduction section; line numbers, lacunae, supplied text, and alternatives are retained.
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