Aksumite eraRIÉ 188

ʿEzana’s campaign against the Ṣarane

A vocalized-Geʿez royal text commemorates ʿEzana’s campaign against the Ṣarane and records captives, livestock, and the king’s return.

Date
fourth century CE
Place
Aksum, Ethiopia
Language
Geʿez
Script
Ethiopic

01 · Original text

Geʿez

EthiopicComplete surviving text

ዔዛና፡ ወልደ፡ እሌ፡ ዐሚዳ፡ ብእስየ፡ ሐሌን፡ ንጉሠ፡ አክሱም፡ ወዘ፡ ሕሜር፡ ወዘ፡ ረይዳን፡ ወዘ፡ ሰበእ፡ ወዘ፡ ሰልሔን፡ ወዘ፡ ጽያሞ፡ ወዘ፡ ብጋ፡ ወዘ፡ ካሱ፡ ወልደ፡ መሕርም፡ ዘአይትመዋእ፡ ለፀር፡ ፀብኡ፡ ጸረኔ፡ መንግሥቶሙ፡ አፋን፡ ሶቤ፡ ገፍዐን፡ ወቀተል፡ ነጋዲ▧፡ ወእምዝ፡ ፀበእናሁ፡ ወእምቀዳ፡ ፈነውነ፡ ሰራዊተ፡ ሰርዌ፡ መሐዛ፡ ወሰርዌ፡ ዳኴን፡ ወሰርዌ፡ ሐራ፡ ወለሊነ፡ ተለውነ፡ ወኀደርነ፡ ምግባአ፡ መራድ፡ ዓላሃ፡ ወአውፈርነ፡ ሰራዊተነ፡ ወቀተልዎ፡ ወፄወውዎ፡ ወመህረክዎ፡ ወቀተልነ፡ ሰዕኔ፡ ወጸወንቴ፡ ወጌማ፡ ወዘሕተን፡ አርበዕቱ፡ አንጋደ፡ ወአኀዝነ፡ አሊታሃ፡ ምስሌ፡ ክልኤ፡ ደቁ፡ ወኮነ፡ ቅትለ፡ ዕድ፡ ዘአፋን፡ ፭፻፫፡ ወአንስት፡ ፪፻፪፡ ወኮነ፡ ፯፻፭፡ ፄዋ፡ ዕድ፡ ወአንስት፡ ዘሕዝበ፡ ገዐዛ፡ ዕድ፡ ፵፡ ወአንስት፡ ወደቂቅ፡ ፻፷፭፡ ወኮነ፡ ፪፻፭፡ ምህርካ፡ ለህም፡ ፫፼፲፻፱፻፶፯፡ እንስሳ፡ ዐውድ፡ ፰፻፳፯፡ ወተመይጡ፡ ዳኅነ፡ ምስሌ፡ አሕዛቢሆሙ፡ ወተከሉ፡ መንበረ፡ በዝየ፡ በሠዶ፡ ወአመሐፀንዎ፡ ለዐስተር፡ ወለብሔር፡ ወለምድር፡ ለእመ፡ ቦዘ፡ ነሠቶ፡ ወነቀሎ፡ ውእቱ፡ ወብሔሩ፡ ወዘመዱ፡ ለይትነቀል፡ ወይትነሠት፡ እብሔሩ፡ ለይሢእ፡ ወቀፍኡ፡ አኮቴተ፡ ለመሕርም፡ ዘወለዶሙ፡ ለህም፡ ፻፡ ወፄዋ፡ ፶፡

Complete vocalized Geʿez from Beta maṣāḥǝft; line breaks follow those recorded in the edition.

02 · Translation

English translation

1. [ʿE]zānā, son of ʾƎlle ʿAmidā, the man of 2. [Ḥa]len, king of Aksum and of Ḥəmer, 3. [and] of Raydān and of Sabaʾ and of Salḥen 4. and of Ṣəyāmo and of Bəgā and of Kāsu, 5. son of Maḥrəm, who is not defeated by 6. [the] enemy, made war on the Ṣarane—their kingdom being 7. ʾA[fā]n. When they had wronged us and killed [our] agent, 8. then we made war on them. First, 9. we sent the regiments Maḥazā, 10. Dākʷen, and Ḥarā. We ourselves 11. followed and spent the night (or: “established ourselves”) at the base camp 12. ʿĀlā. <From there> we sent our regiments. 13. They killed, took captives, and took 14. booty. We defeated Saʿne, Ṣawante, 15. Gemā, and Zaḥtan, four tribes. 16. We seized ʾAlitā and her two 17. children. <The number of> slain men of ʾA[fā]n was 18. 503, and women 202; it was <in total> 705. 19. <The number of> captives, men and women among the army train, <was> 20. men 40, women and children 165; 21. it was <in total> 205. The booty <was>: cattle 31,957, 22. pack animals 827. He 23. returned safely with his troops. 24. He erected a throne there, at Sado, and he 25. placed it under the protection of ʿAstar, Baḥer, 26. and Madr. If anyone removes it and 27. uproots it, may he, his country, and his family be 28. uprooted and removed; may he be driven from his country. 29. He offered in thanksgiving to Maḥram, 30. who begot him, cows: 100; captives: 50.

Habesha History translation of Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), pp. 229–230.

Fresh English translation made directly from Drewes’s French Traduction section; line numbers, lacunae, supplied text, and alternatives are retained.

Sources

Editions & references

Edition, catalogue, and image records used for this entry.

  1. RIÉ 188

    RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 258-261; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 258—261; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 109—112; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 228–232

Habesha History corpus

Abraham J. Drewes, Recueil des inscriptions de l’Éthiopie III.B (2019), pp. 228–232