ComparisonsRy 509

Abīkarib Asʿad at Maʾsal

A Ḥimyarite royal campaign inscription of Abīkarib Asʿad and Ḥassān Yuhaʾmin. An Arabian comparison; neither its authorship nor its date is Aksumite.

Date
First half of the 5th century CE
Place
wādī Maʾsal, Saudi Arabia
Language
Late Sabaic
Script
Ancient South Arabian

01 · Original text

Late Sabaic

Ancient South ArabianComplete surviving text

𐩱𐩨𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩱𐩪𐩲𐩵 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩥-𐩠𐩥 𐩢𐩯𐩬 𐩺𐩠𐩱𐩣𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 |
𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩥𐩩 𐩥-𐩺𐩣𐩬𐩩 𐩥-𐩱𐩲𐩧𐩨 𐩷𐩥𐩵 𐩥-𐩩𐩠𐩣𐩩
𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩢𐩯𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩺𐩠𐩱𐩣𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-
𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩥𐩩 𐩥-𐩺𐩣𐩬𐩩 𐩧𐩤𐩵𐩥 𐩹𐩬 𐩣𐩧𐩤𐩵𐩬 𐩨-𐩥𐩵—
[𐩺𐩬] 𐩣𐩱𐩪𐩡 𐩴𐩣𐩢𐩬 𐩫-𐩪𐩨𐩱𐩥 𐩥-𐩢𐩡𐩡𐩥 𐩱𐩧𐩳
𐩣𐩲𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩣𐩥 𐩬𐩸𐩡𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩦𐩲𐩨-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩨-𐩦𐩲𐩨-𐩠—
(𐩣)𐩥 𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩥𐩩 𐩥-𐩪𐩨𐩱 [𐩥-]𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩣𐩧𐩨 𐩥-𐩱𐩮(𐩶)𐩧𐩩
𐩱𐩤𐩥𐩡-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-(𐩠𐩴)𐩡𐩣 [𐩨𐩬] 𐩣𐩤𐩩𐩥𐩩-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩱𐩩—
𐩡𐩺-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩮𐩺𐩵-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩤𐩨𐩳-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩨-𐩱𐩲𐩧𐩨-𐩠—
𐩣𐩥 𐩫𐩵𐩩 𐩥-𐩪𐩲𐩵 𐩥-𐩲𐩡𐩠 𐩥-𐩠[... ...]

Normalized Unicode reading from the cited edition; editorial brackets and uncertain readings are retained.

Scholarly transliteration

ʾbkrb ʾs¹ʿd w-bnw-hw Ḥs³n Yhʾmn mlky S¹bʾ | w-ḏ-Rydn w-Ḥḍrmwt w-Ymnt w-ʾʿrb Ṭwd w-Thmt bny Ḥs³n Mlkkrb Yhʾmn mlk S¹bʾ w-ḏ- Rydn w-Ḥḍrmwt w-Ymnt rqdw ḏn mrqdn b-wd— [yn] Mʾs¹l Gmḥn k-s¹bʾw w-ḥllw ʾrḍ Mʿdm b-mw nzlm bn ʾs²ʿb-hmw w-b-s²ʿb-h— (m)w Ḥḍrmwt w-S¹bʾ [w-]Bny Mrb w-ʾṣ(ġ)rt ʾqwl-hmw w-(hg)lm [bn] mqtwt-hmw w-ʾt— ly-hmw w-ṣyd-hmw w-qbḍ-hmw w-b-ʾʿrb-h— mw Kdt w-S¹ʿd w-ʿlh w-H[... ...]

02 · Translation

English translation

1–10

ʾbkrb ʾs¹ʿd and his son Ḥs³n Yhʾmn, the two kings of Sabaʾ, ḏu-Raydān, Ḥaḍramawt, Yamanat and the arabs of Ṭwdm and Thmt, sons of Ḥs³n Mlkkrb Yhʾmnn, king of Sabaʾ, ḏu-Raydān, Ḥaḍramawt, Yamanat wrote this inscription in the wadi Mʾs¹l Gmḥn, when they undertook an expedition and took possession of the land of Mʿdm, going down with their tribes and with their tribes of Ḥaḍramawt and Sabaʾ and banū Mārib, those who are subject to the authority of their ʾqwl, going down to the lowland with their lieutenants and their ʾtly, their hunters, their leaders, their Arabs of Kinda, S¹wd, Wlh [... ...]

DASI / CSAI, CSAI; line breaks joined and evident spelling errors corrected. Record data: CC BY 4.0.

Sources

Editions & references

Edition, catalogue, and image records used for this entry.

  1. Ry 509 Maʾsal 1

    Ry 509 Maʾsal 1. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.

  2. Aksum and South Arabia

    George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.

  3. Date and royal identity

    Christian Julien Robin, “Himyar et Israël” (2004), discussion of Abīkarib Asʿad and Ry 509; the text belongs to the first half of the fifth century.

Habesha History corpus

A. Jamme, Sabaean Inscriptions from Mahram Bilqis (Marib) (1962), p. 387

Stefan Simanić, South Arabia in Transition from the Ancient to the Islamic Era (2017), p. 70