DʿMT & early highlandsRIÉ 10

Lmn dedicates an incense burner to S²mn

A fifteen-line boustrophedon dedication names Lmn, son of Rbḥ, and gives the fullest surviving DʿMT kingship formula.

Date
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)
Place
ʿAddi ʾAkawǝḥ, Wuqro area, Ethiopia; preserved at Abba Garima church
Language
Ethiopian Early Sabaic
Script
Ancient South Arabian

01 · Original text

Ethiopian Early Sabaic

Ancient South ArabianSurviving text; DASI lineation retained

[𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩮]—
[𐩧𐩲𐩬 𐩺]—
[𐩴]𐩲𐩹[𐩺]—
𐩬 𐩣𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩵𐩲𐩣𐩩 𐩥-
𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩨𐩬 𐩧𐩨𐩢 𐩠𐩤—
𐩬𐩺𐩥 𐩡-𐩦𐩣𐩬 (𐩣)𐩤𐩷—
𐩧𐩬 𐩺𐩥𐩣𐩺 𐩣—
(𐩡𐩫)𐩥 𐩵𐩲𐩣𐩩 𐩪—
𐩨𐩱-*𐩠𐩺* 𐩥-𐩲𐩨𐩧-𐩠—
𐩺 𐩱𐩵𐩣-𐩠𐩺 𐩥-𐩮—
𐩡𐩣-𐩠𐩺 𐩡𐩬 𐩣𐩦𐩧—
𐩤-𐩠𐩺 𐩲𐩵 𐩣𐩲𐩧𐩨-
𐩠𐩺 𐩨-𐩪𐩤𐩩 𐩲𐩪𐩩—
𐩧 𐩥-𐩠𐩨𐩪 𐩥-𐩱𐩡𐩣→𐩤𐩠𐩺 𐩥-𐩹𐩩-𐩢𐩣𐩺𐩣 𐩥-→𐩹𐩩-𐩨𐩲𐩵𐩬 𐩥-𐩱𐩨-→𐩫 𐩥𐩵𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩫𐩡
𐩣𐩧𐩲𐩣|

Normalized Old South Arabian letters follow the DASI reading, including its line breaks and editorial brackets. See the image for the engraved letter forms.

Scholarly transliteration

[Lmn mlkn ṣ]— [rʿn Y]— [g]ʿḏ[y]— n mkrb Dʿmt w- S¹bʾ bn Rbḥ hq— nyw l-S²mn (m)qṭ— rn ywmy m— (lk)w Dʿmt S¹— bʾ-*hy* w-ʿbr-h— y ʾdm-hy w-ṣ— lm-hy ln ms²r— q-hy ʿd mʿrb- hy b-s¹qt ʿs¹t— r w-Hbs¹ w-ʾlm→qhy w-ḏt-Ḥmym w-→ḏt-Bʿdn w-ʾb-→k Wdm bn kl mrʿm|

02 · Translation

English reading

Lmn, the victorious king, he of Ygʿḏ, mukarrib of Dʿmt and Sabaʾ, son of Rbḥ, dedicated to S²mn the incense-burner, when he became the king of Dʿmt, of its Sabeans and its settlers, its Red and its Black, from its east to its west, with the protection of ʿs¹tr and Hbs¹ and ʾlmqhy and ḏt-Ḥmym and ḏt-Bʿdn and may your father Wdm (save you) from any malicious individual.

CSAI/DASI English translation; DASI record data licensed CC BY 4.0.

Joined across DASI display lines; editorial brackets and uncertainty marks are retained.

Sources

Editions & references

Follow the record back to the edition, catalogue, or image source used here.

  1. RIÉ 10 / Abuna Garimā II / DASI 7808

    Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 10’, DASI, first published 2015-01-05.

Habesha History corpus

HYohannes, The Kingdom of DʿMT (2025)

David W. Phillipson (2012), p. 38