Habesha History
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DʿMT & early highlandsRIÉ 85

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Published translation of two short texts. The divine names in Text II are probable readings; the etymology of YGDY is uncertain.

Date
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain
Place
Tokhonda, engraved on a stone
Language
Early highland inscription
Script
Ancient South Arabian

01 · Original text

Early highland inscription

Ancient South ArabianPublished reading; native-script edition unavailable

Transliterated reading

YGDY / ḤBS // [ʿW]B / NYRWY

Original letter forms are preserved in the published facsimile. The reading follows Drewes’s later edition.

02 · Translation

English reading

Text I: YGDY. May ḤBS live. Text II: [ʿW]B and NYRWY, may they live.

Habesha History translation of Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019).

Sources

Editions & references

Follow the record back to the edition, catalogue, or image source used here.

  1. Beta maṣāḥǝft RIÉ 85

    Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 85: object record and edition references.

  2. RIÉ III.B · no. 85

    A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 85, pp. 108–109.

  3. DAE illustration

    Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 63, no. 36.