Aksumite eraIst 7608 bis

Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ and Aksum

A Christian royal fragment names Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ, the rulers of Aksum, and Ella Aṣbeḥa. Its relationship to Wellcome A 103664 is uncertain.

Date
c. 530s CE
Place
Ḍāf, Yemen
Language
Late Sabaic
Script
Ancient South Arabian

01 · Original text

Late Sabaic

Ancient South ArabianComplete surviving text

[... ... 𐩥-𐩣𐩬]𐩰𐩪 𐩤𐩵𐩪 𐩪𐩣𐩺𐩰𐩲 𐩱𐩦𐩥𐩲 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪[𐩨𐩱 ... ...]
[... ... 𐩱]𐩢𐩮𐩬 𐩥-𐩪𐩣𐩺𐩰𐩲 𐩱𐩦𐩥𐩲 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩦𐩧𐩢𐩨𐩱[𐩡 ... ...]
[... ... 𐩱𐩣]𐩧𐩱-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩬𐩴𐩦𐩩 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣𐩬 𐩨𐩧𐩱𐩥 𐩥-𐩠𐩥𐩻[𐩧𐩬 ... ...]
[... ... 𐩱]𐩭𐩣𐩪-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩣𐩡𐩺𐩫𐩺𐩣 𐩥-𐩤𐩺𐩡𐩺𐩣 𐩹-𐩩𐩤𐩠 𐩹-[... ...]
[... ...]𐩲 𐩹𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩨-𐩭𐩺𐩡𐩣 𐩥-𐩨-𐩴𐩺𐩦-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩲𐩣𐩬 𐩣𐩡[𐩫𐩬 ... ...]
[... ...]𐩣 𐩪-𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩱𐩡𐩱<𐩮>𐩨𐩢𐩠 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩩 𐩡[... ...]
[... ... ]𐩱𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩣 𐩡-𐩢𐩣𐩺𐩧𐩣 𐩥-𐩲𐩤𐩨𐩩𐩣 𐩡-𐩬𐩴𐩦𐩩 𐩱[𐩫𐩪𐩣𐩬 ... ...]
[... ... ]𐩺𐩩𐩲𐩨𐩵𐩬𐩬 𐩡-𐩱𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩫-𐩪𐩩𐩠[... ...]
[... ...]𐩩𐩭𐩡-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩡-𐩸𐩲 𐩨𐩢𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩡-𐩮𐩡𐩢 𐩢[𐩣𐩺𐩧𐩣 ... ...]
[... ... 𐩹]-𐩺𐩸𐩱𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩯𐩬 𐩥-𐩦𐩧𐩢𐩨𐩱𐩡 𐩹𐩺 𐩣𐩲𐩰[𐩧𐩬 ... ...]
[... ...]𐩡𐩬-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩪𐩥𐩵𐩬 𐩥-𐩪𐩣𐩺𐩰𐩲 𐩹-𐩲𐩨𐩵𐩬 𐩥[... ...]
[... ... 𐩹]𐩺 𐩭𐩡𐩡 𐩥-𐩸𐩧𐩲𐩩 𐩹-𐩣𐩧𐩢𐩨𐩣 𐩥-𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩣 𐩬𐩪[... ...]
[... ...]𐩧𐩣 𐩥-𐩢𐩧𐩻𐩣 𐩥-𐩣𐩧𐩻𐩵𐩣 𐩱𐩡𐩠𐩩 𐩻𐩲𐩡𐩨𐩬 𐩥-𐩣[... ...]
[... ... 𐩱𐩡𐩱𐩮𐩨𐩢]𐩠 𐩬𐩴𐩦𐩺 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩫-𐩠𐩧𐩻𐩵𐩥 𐩥-𐩦𐩧𐩢[𐩬 ... ...]
[... ...]𐩥 𐩠𐩴𐩬 𐩱𐩨-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩦𐩧𐩢𐩨𐩱𐩡 𐩺𐩫𐩣𐩡 𐩥-𐩠[... ...]
[... ...]𐩪𐩣 𐩧𐩢𐩣𐩬𐩬 𐩥-𐩨𐩬-𐩠𐩥 𐩫𐩧𐩯𐩩𐩯 𐩶𐩡𐩨𐩬 [... ...]

Normalized Unicode reading from the cited edition; editorial brackets and uncertain readings are retained.

Scholarly transliteration

[... ... w-mn]fs¹ qds¹ S¹myfʿ ʾs²wʿ mlk S¹[bʾ ... ...] [... ... ʾ]ḥṣn w-S¹myfʿ ʾs²wʿ bny S²rḥbʾ[l ... ...] [... ... ʾm]rʾ-hmw ngs²t ʾks¹mn brʾw w-hwṯ[rn ... ...] [... ... ʾ]ḫms¹-hmw mlykym w-qylym ḏ-tqh ḏ-[... ...] [... ...]ʿ ḏn mlkn b-ḫylm w-b-gys²-hmw ʿmn ml[kn ... ...] [... ...]m s¹-mlkn ʾlʾ<ṣ>bḥh mlk Ḥbs²t l[... ...] [... ... ]ʾmlkm l-Ḥmyrm w-ʿqbtm l-ngs²t ʾ[ks¹mn ... ...] [... ... ]ytʿbdnn l-ʾmlk ʾks¹mn w-k-s¹th[... ...] [... ...]tḫl-hmw l-zʿ bḥrn w-l-ṣlḥ Ḥ[myrm ... ...] [... ... ḏ]-Yzʾn w-Ḥs³n w-S²rḥbʾl ḏy Mʿf[rn ... ...] [... ...]ln-hw ʾs¹wdn w-S¹myfʿ ḏ-ʿbdn w[... ...] [... ... ḏ]y Ḫll w-Zrʿt ḏ-Mrḥbm w-Mlkm Ns¹[... ...] [... ...]rm w-Ḥrṯm w-Mrṯdm ʾlht Ṯʿlbn w-M[... ...] [... ... ʾlʾṣbḥ]h ngs²y ʾks¹mn w-k-hrṯdw w-s²rḥ[n ... ...] [... ...]w hgn ʾb-hmw S²rḥbʾl Ykml w-h[... ...] [... ...]s¹m Rḥmnn w-bn-hw krs³ts³ ġlbn [... ...]

02 · Translation

English reading

1–16

[... ...] Holy Spirit. S¹myfʿ ʾs²wʿ, king of Sabaʾ [... ...] [... ...] ʾḥṣn and S¹myfʿ ʾs²wʿ, sons of S²rḥbʾl [... ..] [... ...] their lords, the negus of Axum built and laid the foundation [... ...] [... ...] their royal force and those of the qayls, who concluded [... ...] [... ...] this king with strength and with their army together with the king [... ...] [... ...] toward ʾlʾṣbḥh, king of Abyssinia in [... ...] [... ...] kings for Ḥimyar and governors of the negus of Axum [... ...] [... ...] submitted themselves to the kings of Axoum and when [... ...] [... ...] he appointed them for the defense of the sea and the maintenance of order in Ḥimyar [... ...] [... ...] ḏ-Yzʾn, Ḥs³n and S²rḥbʾl those two of the family Mʿfrn [... ...] [... ...] ʾs¹wdn and S¹myfʿ ḏ-ʿbdn [... ...] [... ...] two sons of Ḫll and Zrʿt ḏ-Mrḥbm and Mlkm Ns¹[... ...] [... ...] and Ḥrṯm and Mrṯdm ʾlht Ṯʿlbn and M[... ...] [... ...] ʾlʾṣbḥh negus of Axum and when they entrusted and preserved [... ...] [... ...] the bastard of their father S²rḥbʾl Ykml and [... ...] [... ...] in name of Rḥmnn and his son Christ, the victorious [... ...]

DASI / CSAI, CSAI; line breaks joined and evident spelling errors corrected. Record data: CC BY 4.0.

Sources

Editions & references

Follow the record back to the edition, catalogue, or image source used here.

  1. Ist 7608 bis RES 3904

    Ist 7608 bis RES 3904. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.

  2. Aksum and South Arabia

    George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.

Habesha History corpus

Greg Fisher (ed.), Arabs and Empires before Islam (2015), p. 163

Greg Fisher (ed.), Arabs and Empires before Islam (2015), p. 546