418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

418 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 265–288

Facsimile of RIÉ 258, published as DAE 89.

RIÉ 258 · DAE 89 · Facsimile

RIÉ 258Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti

RIÉ 258 unspecified

This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves uncertain abbreviated name. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-m-k-

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 259, published as DAE 96.

RIÉ 259 · DAE 96 · Facsimile

RIÉ 259Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti

RIÉ 259 unspecified

This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves published translation with restorations.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 260, published as DAE 100.

RIÉ 260 · DAE 100 · Facsimile

RIÉ 260Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti

RIÉ 260 unspecified

This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves recognizable name.

Za-Yoḥannəs

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 262

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 262Aksumite corpus; date uncertainCullite

RIÉ 262 stone inscription

This pierre from Cullite preserves published translation of the surviving beginning.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 265

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 265sixth-century Aksumite presence in South ArabiaAcquired in Aden by D.H. Müller and sent to Wien, provenance unknown.

RIÉ 265 une lampe fait d'un fragment de plaque inscrite

This une lampe fait d'un fragment de plaque inscrite from Acquired in Aden by D.H. Müller and sent to Wien, provenance unknown. preserves surviving fragment, line by line. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 266

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 266sixth-century Aksumite presence in South ArabiaProvenance unknown.

RIÉ 266 inscribed slab

This dalle from Provenance unknown. preserves recognizable words only.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 267

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 267Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMeroë

RIÉ 267 dalles contiguës

This dalles contiguës from Meroë preserves recognizable phrase only.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 288

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 288Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAksum

RIÉ 288 seal

This seal from Aksum preserves surviving short text or mark.

ḤFDM / WQHʾL

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 291

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 291Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAdulis

RIÉ 291 seal

This seal from Adulis preserves surviving short text or mark.

Ratnadāma / Ratradūmi (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 293

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 293Aksumite corpus; date uncertainHawelti

RIÉ 293 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Hawelti preserves surviving short text or mark.

hyw / hywt (four times)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 294

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 294Aksumite corpus; date uncertainHawelti

RIÉ 294 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Hawelti preserves surviving short text or mark.

qm (twice)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 296

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 296Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 296 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

srʿ / ʿrs / ʿsr / ʿsm (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 297

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 297Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 297 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

hyw / hywt (twice)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 298

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 298Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 298 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

r(b)n (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 299

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 299Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 299 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

ʿdd (understood as ʿzz)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 300

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 300Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 300 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

mts

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 301

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 301Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 301 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

hyw (twice)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 302

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 302Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 302 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

ḥnʾt (alternative tʾnh)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 303

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 303Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 303 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

WʿRN HYWT

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 304

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 304Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 304 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

hr (twice?) / srfh (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 305

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 305Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 305 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

hyw / hywt

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 306

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 306Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 306 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

nr (twice)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 307

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 307Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha

RIÉ 307 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

n(b)n (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 308

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 308Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMatara

RIÉ 308 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Matara preserves surviving short text or mark.

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

61–120 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

DʿMT & early highlands60

RIÉ 57
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9247.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 57’, DASI, first published 2015-02-06.
RIÉ 58
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound B · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving dedicatory fragment. The beginning, ending, and part of the divine name are lost; brackets retain the edition’s restoration.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 58: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 58, pp. 88.
RIÉ 59
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound B · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted inscription. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 59: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 59, pp. 89.
RIÉ 60
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound B · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted inscription. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 60: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 60, pp. 89.
RIÉ 61
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe area, Eritrea; excavated in Mound B room 33, not in situ · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Cultic or royal names; DʿMT is not named in the surviving text.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9266.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 61’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 62
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9267.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 62’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 63 A
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9419.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 63 A’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 63 B
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9420.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 63 B’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 64
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound E2 · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. The same letter sequence names the tribe Bakīl elsewhere, but the edition considers a personal name more likely here.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 64: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 64, pp. 93.
RIÉ 65
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound E 1, locus 43 · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted inscription. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 65: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 65, pp. 93.
RIÉ 66
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the monument C · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable mason’s mark. No linguistic translation is given.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 66: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 66, pp. 94.
RIÉ 67
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound F · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible mason’s mark. No linguistic translation is given.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 67: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 67, pp. 94.
RIÉ 68
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Name; other marks uninterpreted. Two m signs on the right-hand stone remain uninterpreted.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 68: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 68, pp. 94.
RIÉ 69
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Dibdib · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of the three-line dedication. DWL may designate a locality, region, people, or tribe; the edition does not resolve which.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 69: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 69, pp. 94–95.
RIÉ 70
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Dibdib, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9448.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 70’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 71
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9454.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 71’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 72 A
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9538.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 72 A’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 72 B
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9540.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 72 B’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 73
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9542.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 73’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 74
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Feqya, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving dedication with editorial restoration. The lost verb could have been singular or plural. <This stone> is supplied from the object, not a surviving word.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 74: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 74, pp. 101.
RIÉ 75
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Feqya, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of the surviving three-line dedication. <This stone> is supplied from the object. HYW is probably a co-dedicant.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 75: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 75, pp. 101.
RIÉ 76
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9483.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 76’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 77
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9485.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 77’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 78
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9661.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 78’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 79
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9663.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 79’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 80
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Feqya, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uncertain personal-name fragment. A damaged word may be a personal name; the letters in the second line remain uninterpreted.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 80: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 80, pp. 105.
RIÉ 81
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9665.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 81’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 82
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9667.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 82’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 83
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Barachit, Debub, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9679.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 83’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 84
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Dera, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9680.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 84’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 85
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of two short texts. The divine names in Text II are probable readings; the etymology of YGDY is uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 85: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 85, pp. 108–109.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 63, no. 36.
RIÉ 86
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. The name is otherwise unknown; its proposed compound structure has no convincing etymology.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 86: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 86, p. 109.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 63, no. 37.
RIÉ 87
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preferred identification within an uncertain text. Drewes prefers a personal-name interpretation of ḤYWT over Littmann’s tentative ‘for the life of ʾAgʷabat’; the exact form and etymology of the other names remain doubtful.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 87: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 87, pp. 109–110.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 64, no. 38.
RIÉ 88
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Both readings are offered; the root is secure but the final consonant is not.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 88: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 88, p. 110.
RIÉ 89
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Kelette Afa, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. GʿSY may be a local name; its etymology is uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 89: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 89, p. 110.
RIÉ 90
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 91 and 124–126.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 90: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 90, p. 111.
RIÉ 91
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two preserved personal names. The etymology of ḤDBR remains uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 91: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 91, pp. 111–112.
RIÉ 92
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two partly legible names from four texts. Only the names in Texts II and III are more or less legible; the reading and derivation of both remain doubtful.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 92: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 92, p. 112.
RIÉ 93
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two surviving words. Only the kinship phrase and name remain legible.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 93: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 93, pp. 112–113.
RIÉ 94
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 97 and has South Arabian parallels.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 94: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 94, p. 113.
RIÉ 95
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. WDGLY is considered a local name of uncertain etymology; MʿDʾL is well attested in South Arabia.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 95: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 95, p. 113.
RIÉ 96
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Both readings are possible; the inscription does not decide between them.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 96: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 96, p. 114.
RIÉ 97
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 94.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 97: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 97, p. 114.
RIÉ 98
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. Its grammatical form and interpretation remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 98: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 98, p. 114.
RIÉ 99
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving first line and proposed name gloss. The patronymic is lost after the kinship term.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 99: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 99, p. 115.
RIÉ 100
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Neither reading is otherwise attested as a South Arabian personal name.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 100: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 100, p. 115.
RIÉ 101
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The edition compares related names in RIÉ 9, 12, and 79.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 101: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 101, p. 115.
RIÉ 102
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable local personal name. Drewes rejects Jamme’s reading and the translation ‘ʾAbih has slept [here].’
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 102: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 102, p. 116.
RIÉ 103
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted fragment. The fragmentary text does not permit an interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 103: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 103, p. 116.
RIÉ 104
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Partly legible personal name. A personal name is probable, but it is only partly readable and is not transcribed securely.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 104: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 104, p. 116.
RIÉ 105
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 105: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 105, p. 117.
RIÉ 106
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The verb is interpreted from the root wdd, ‘love’; the linguistic classification remains discussed in the commentary.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 106: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 106, pp. 117–118.
RIÉ 107
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two probable personal names. Both etymologies remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 107: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 107, p. 118.
RIÉ 108
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published formula with abbreviated divine name. The preserved letters DḤ are understood as an abbreviation of the goddess DṮ ḤMN.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 108: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 108, p. 118.
RIÉ 109
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible remains of a known formula. The graffito is incomplete and difficult to read; the formula depends on the tentative reading of its first two letters.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 109: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 109, p. 119.
RIÉ 110
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name and lexical gloss. The related Arabic root can also mean ‘be indulgent.’
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 110: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 110, p. 119.
RIÉ 111
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Neither reading is otherwise attested in South Arabia; QṢRY has a different possible derivation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 111: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 111, pp. 119–120.
RIÉ 112
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uncertain possible personal name. If the word is read ḥwʾr, it may share a root with WʿRN, but the reading itself is uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 112: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 112, p. 120.
RIÉ 113
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name and preferred gloss. The edition prefers derivation from the Ethiopian root ʾkl, ‘suffice,’ over a root meaning ‘eat’; a pronominal suffix would yield ‘it will suffice for him.’
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 113: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 113, pp. 120–121.
RIÉ 114
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. The final r is not certain and the exact meaning of the underlying verb remains unresolved.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 114: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 114, p. 121.

Catalogue

RIÉ 59

RIÉ 60

RIÉ 65

RIÉ 66

RIÉ 67

RIÉ 80

RIÉ 103

RIÉ 104

RIÉ 105

RIÉ 112