418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

12 inscriptions in chronological order

RIÉ 289

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 289pre-Aksumite royal-name sealYeha

RIÉ 289 seal

This seal from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.

WʿRN HYWT

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 292

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 292commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentSabea

RIÉ 292 small bronze object

This small bronze object from Sabea preserves surviving short text or mark.

ḥsn / nḥs (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

RIÉ 319

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 319commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentMatara

RIÉ 319 pottery graffito

This inscribed pottery or graffito on pottery from Matara preserves preserved name.

YLM

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 384

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 384commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentMatara

RIÉ 384 pottery graffito

This inscribed pottery or graffito on pottery from Matara preserves preserved personal name.

nṣmt

GeʿezRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 43, corresponding to RIÉ 390.

DAE IV no. 43, printed p. 65; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 390.

RIÉ 390commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region

RIÉ 390 monogram

This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.

ʾiyu … t-gh- (?)

GeʿezRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 53a, corresponding to RIÉ 400.

DAE IV no. 53a, printed p. 67; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 400.

RIÉ 400commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region

RIÉ 400 monogram

This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.

Sabūḥ

GeʿezRead text

DAE IV no. 53d, printed p. 67; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 403.

RIÉ 403commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region

RIÉ 403 monogram

This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.

yrhb- (?)

GeʿezRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 65, corresponding to RIÉ 415.

DAE IV no. 65, printed p. 69; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 415.

RIÉ 415commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region

RIÉ 415 monogram

This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.

msq- / sqm-

GeʿezRead text

Ry 509

Ry 509First half of the 5th century CEwādī Maʾsal, Saudi Arabia

Abīkarib Asʿad at Maʾsal

A Ḥimyarite royal campaign inscription of Abīkarib Asʿad and Ḥassān Yuhaʾmin. An Arabian comparison; neither its authorship nor its date is Aksumite.

𐩱𐩨𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩱𐩪𐩲𐩵 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩥-𐩠𐩥 𐩢𐩯𐩬 𐩺𐩠𐩱𐩣𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 |

Late SabaicRead text

Gar antichità 9 d

Gar antichità 9 d509 CEBayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen

A house restored under Marthadʾilān

A dated building inscription invokes Raḥmānān and King Marthadʾilān Yanuf; included as an Arabian chronological witness.

[... ... ]𐩨-𐩢𐩣𐩵 𐩧𐩢𐩣𐩬𐩬 𐩨𐩲𐩡 𐩪𐩣𐩺𐩬 𐩥-𐩨-

Late SabaicRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 202, published as DAE 19.

RIÉ 202 · DAE 19 · Facsimile

RIÉ 202probably seventh–ninth century CEʾAksum

RIÉ 202 throne

This throne from ʾAksum preserves complete published translation of two lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 207

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 207sixth–twelfth/thirteenth century CEʾAksum

RIÉ 207 stone inscription

This plaque from ʾAksum preserves complete cross-shaped word.

ʾamen

GeʿezRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

1–17 of 17 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Earlier, later & uncertain comparisons17

RIÉ 193
seventh–twelfth/thirteenth century CE · Provenance not resolved · Geʿez
seventh to twelfth/thirteenth century
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 278-283; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 278—283; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 138—141; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 269–277
RIÉ 202
probably seventh–ninth century CE · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Probably post-Aksumite; retained for comparison.
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 19, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 202, pp. 301.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 52, no. 19.
RIÉ 207
sixth–twelfth/thirteenth century CE · ʾAksum · Geʿez
sixth to twelfth/thirteenth century
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 207, pp. 306.
RIÉ 232
873 CE · Ham; reused in a church wall · Geʿez
23 December 873 CE
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 324; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 323—324; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 165; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 326—333
RIÉ 276
reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes, 246–221 BCE · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes, 246–221 BCE
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 20-24, page 375—378; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 375—378; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 26—32
RIÉ 289
pre-Aksumite royal-name seal · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
pre-Aksumite royal-name seal
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 369
RIÉ 292
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Sabea · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 375
RIÉ 319
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Matara · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 319, p. 393.
RIÉ 363
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Matara · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 363, pp. 411–412.
RIÉ 384
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Matara · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 384, pp. 418–419.
RIÉ 390
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 426
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 65, no. 43.
RIÉ 400
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 433
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53a.
RIÉ 403
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 434
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53d.
RIÉ 415
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 441
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 65.
Gar antichità 9 d
509 CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A dated building inscription invokes Raḥmānān and King Marthadʾilān Yanuf; included as an Arabian chronological witness.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Gar AY 9d. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Ry 509
First half of the 5th century CE · wādī Maʾsal, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A Ḥimyarite royal campaign inscription of Abīkarib Asʿad and Ḥassān Yuhaʾmin. An Arabian comparison; neither its authorship nor its date is Aksumite.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
DAI Barʾān 2000-1
Early 3rd century CE · Barʾān temple, Maʾrib, Yemen · Sabaic
Campaign account of Shaʿirum Awtar cited as historical context; its text does not explicitly name Aksum or Ḥabašat.
Original
Edited Sabaic text available in DASI.
English
English and German translations available in DASI.
Image
No exact artifact image retrieved.
- Norbert Nebes (2004), DAI Barʾān 2000-1; DASI edition and translations.

Catalogue

RIÉ 193

RIÉ 232

RIÉ 276

RIÉ 363

DAI Barʾān 2000-1