418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

Deutsche Aksum-Expedition photograph of the 52-line RIÉ 189 Ethiopic inscription recording Ezana’s Noba campaign.
RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

418 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 409418
Ẓafār 08-077, an eight-line vocalized-Geʿez fragment mentioning a church and Mary.Ẓafār 08-077

Ẓafār 08-077after 525 CEẒafār, Yemen

Ẓafār 08-077, Geʿez church fragment

A vocalized-Geʿez fragment from the Himyarite capital probably belongs to an Aksumite report mentioning a church, tribute, Mary, and death.

1 … b.m … 2 … [śa]rāʿkəwwo … 3 … (ʾə)nta ḥanaṣ[ku] … 4 … [ba](na)ṣu beta krə[stiyān] … 5 … [ʾa]nbaru ṣabbḥ[ta] … 6 … śu wa-zaka[ru] … 7 … [Mā](r)yām wa- … 8 … mota …

Artifact photograph of Murayghān 3, reproduced in its DASI record.Murayghān 3

Murayghān 3c. 552 CEMurayghān, Saudi Arabia

Abraha’s return from Maʿadd

A royal rock inscription records Abraha’s authority over Maʿadd and other Arabian communities.

𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩱𐩨𐩧𐩠 𐩸𐩺𐩨𐩣𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩩 𐩥-𐩺𐩣𐩬𐩩

Late SabaicRead text
Artifact photograph of Ry 506, reproduced in its DASI record.Ry 506

Ry 506552 CEMurayghān, Saudi Arabia

Abraha’s campaign at Ḥalibān

Abraha records a campaign against Maʿadd, military detachments, submission, and hostages.

𐩨-𐩭𐩺𐩡 𐩧𐩢𐩣𐩬𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩪𐩢-𐩠𐩥 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩱𐩨𐩧𐩠 𐩸-𐩨-𐩺𐩣𐩬((𐩱𐩨𐩧𐩠 𐩸𐩨𐩺𐩣𐩬)) 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩳𐩧𐩣𐩥𐩩

Late SabaicRead text
RIÉ 207

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 207sixth–twelfth/thirteenth century CEʾAksum

RIÉ 207 stone inscription

This plaque from ʾAksum preserves complete cross-shaped word.

ʾamen

Source register

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

361–420 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Aksumite corpus & Arabian witnesses57
  1. RIÉ 334

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  2. RIÉ 335

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  3. RIÉ 336

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  4. RIÉ 337

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  5. RIÉ 338

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  6. RIÉ 339

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  7. RIÉ 340

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  8. RIÉ 341

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  9. RIÉ 341 A

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  10. RIÉ 342

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  11. RIÉ 343

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  12. RIÉ 344

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  13. RIÉ 345

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  14. RIÉ 346

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  15. RIÉ 347

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  16. RIÉ 348

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  17. RIÉ 349

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  18. RIÉ 350

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  19. RIÉ 351

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  20. RIÉ 352

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  21. RIÉ 353

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  22. RIÉ 354

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  23. RIÉ 355

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  24. RIÉ 356

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  25. RIÉ 357

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  26. RIÉ 358

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  27. RIÉ 359

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  28. RIÉ 360

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  29. RIÉ 361

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  30. RIÉ 362

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Tentative transliterated reading available; native-script transcription unavailable here.
    English
    Tentative lexical or personal-name gloss available in the reader.
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  31. RIÉ 364

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  32. RIÉ 365

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  33. RIÉ 366

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  34. RIÉ 367

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  35. RIÉ 368

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Tentative transliterated reading available; native-script transcription unavailable here.
    English
    Tentative lexical or personal-name gloss available in the reader.
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  36. RIÉ 369

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  37. RIÉ 370

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  38. RIÉ 371

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  39. RIÉ 372

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  40. RIÉ 373

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  41. RIÉ 374

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  42. RIÉ 375

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  43. RIÉ 376

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  44. RIÉ 377

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  45. RIÉ 378

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  46. RIÉ 379

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  47. RIÉ 380

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  48. RIÉ 381

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  49. RIÉ 382

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  50. RIÉ 383

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  51. RIÉ 385

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Tokhonda · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
  52. RIÉ 386

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daʿru · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  53. RIÉ 387

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  54. RIÉ 388

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  55. RIÉ 389

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
  56. RIÉ 391

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
  57. RIÉ 392

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
Earlier, later & uncertain comparisons3
  1. RIÉ 363

    commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Matara · Geʿez

    Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  2. RIÉ 384

    commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Matara · Geʿez

    Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  3. RIÉ 390

    commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez

    Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact published facsimile available in the reader.