418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

163 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 73–96

RIÉ 77

RIÉ 77Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 77: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩪𐩦𐩧𐩥𐩣 [... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 78

RIÉ 78Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 78: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary (conjectural) on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

[... ...](𐩣)((𐩦)) 𐩨𐩬 𐩺𐩨𐩦𐩣

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 79

RIÉ 79Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 79: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩧𐩵𐩱((𐩧𐩵𐩱))

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 81

RIÉ 81Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 81: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩺𐩢𐩬𐩬𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩲𐩺𐩵𐩵

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 82

RIÉ 82Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 82: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩠𐩲𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩺𐩥

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 83

RIÉ 83Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Barachit, Debub, Eritrea

RIÉ 83: stone piece from Barachit

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Barachit, Eritrea, now recorded at Asmara.

𐩢𐩺𐩳𐩳 𐩨𐩬|

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 84

RIÉ 84Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Dera, Eritrea

RIÉ 84: slab from Dera

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a slab of stone from Dera, Eritrea.

[... ...]𐩣 𐩹-𐩧𐩺—

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

Five-line Ethio-Sabaean inscription on the altar block from Ṣ́ǝrḥan

GE Ṣ́ǝrḥan 1 · Altar dedication · Photograph

GE Ṣ́ǝrḥan 1First half of the 1st millennium BCEṢ́ǝrḥan, Aḥfärom, Tǝgray, Ethiopia

Taʿattarat’s altar dedication to ḏāt Ḥamēn

A woman named Taʿattarat dedicated a Maslam altar to ḏāt Ḥamēn under the authority of the previously unattested king ḏū Lakkān, grandson of king Lāmān.

◊ / 𐩩𐩲𐩩𐩧𐩩 / 𐩠𐩤𐩬

Ethio-SabaeanRead text

RIÉ 38

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 38Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainYeha

Inscription from Yeha

Surviving fragment, partly interpreted. The beginning is lost. The readings and meanings of the intervening words are uncertain; the final protective formula is translated by the edition.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 47

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 47Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainYeha

Inscription from Yeha

Surviving text, partly interpreted. mṭry designates the altar but its precise meaning is uncertain. The final sequence ws nsb tyw remains uninterpreted; “projection” describes the stone surface.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 58

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 58Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainMatara during the excavation of the mound B

Dedication from Matara during the excavation of the mound B

Surviving dedicatory fragment. The beginning, ending, and part of the divine name are lost; brackets retain the edition’s restoration.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 64

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 64Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainMatara during the excavation of the mound E2

Inscription from Matara during the excavation of the mound E2

Probable personal name. The same letter sequence names the tribe Bakīl elsewhere, but the edition considers a personal name more likely here.

BKLM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 68

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 68Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainMatara

Inscription from Matara

Name; other marks uninterpreted. Two m signs on the right-hand stone remain uninterpreted.

ʿNYM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 69

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 69Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainDibdib

Dedication from Dibdib

Published translation of the three-line dedication. DWL may designate a locality, region, people, or tribe; the edition does not resolve which.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 74

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 74Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainFeqya, engraved on a stone

Dedication from Feqya, engraved on a stone

Surviving dedication with editorial restoration. The lost verb could have been singular or plural. <This stone> is supplied from the object, not a surviving word.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 75

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 75Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainFeqya, engraved on a stone

Dedication from Feqya, engraved on a stone

Published translation of the surviving three-line dedication. <This stone> is supplied from the object. HYW is probably a co-dedicant.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 36, corresponding to RIÉ 85.

DAE IV no. 36, printed p. 63; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 85.

RIÉ 85Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Published translation of two short texts. The divine names in Text II are probable readings; the etymology of YGDY is uncertain.

YGDY / ḤBS // [ʿW]B / NYRWY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 37, corresponding to RIÉ 86.

DAE IV no. 37, printed p. 63; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 86.

RIÉ 86Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Probable personal name. The name is otherwise unknown; its proposed compound structure has no convincing etymology.

SBGLY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 38, corresponding to RIÉ 87.

DAE IV no. 38, printed p. 64; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 87.

RIÉ 87Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Preferred identification within an uncertain text. Drewes prefers a personal-name interpretation of ḤYWT over Littmann’s tentative ‘for the life of ʾAgʷabat’; the exact form and etymology of the other names remain doubtful.

ḤYWT (?)

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 88

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 88Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Alternative readings of a personal name. Both readings are offered; the root is secure but the final consonant is not.

SMʿN / SMʿS

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 89

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 89Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainKelette Afa, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Kelette Afa, engraved on a stone

Published translation. GʿSY may be a local name; its etymology is uncertain.

WKLʾL bn GʿSY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 90

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 90Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 91 and 124–126.

GBRN

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 91

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 91Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Two preserved personal names. The etymology of ḤDBR remains uncertain.

GBRN // ḤDBR

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 92

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 92Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Two partly legible names from four texts. Only the names in Texts II and III are more or less legible; the reading and derivation of both remain doubtful.

WNʾN / ʿNʾN (?) // DBRY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

61–120 of 199 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

DʿMT & early highlands60

RIÉ 57
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9247.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 57’, DASI, first published 2015-02-06.
RIÉ 58
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound B · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving dedicatory fragment. The beginning, ending, and part of the divine name are lost; brackets retain the edition’s restoration.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 58: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 58, pp. 88.
RIÉ 59
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound B · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted inscription. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 59: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 59, pp. 89.
RIÉ 60
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound B · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted inscription. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 60: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 60, pp. 89.
RIÉ 61
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe area, Eritrea; excavated in Mound B room 33, not in situ · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Cultic or royal names; DʿMT is not named in the surviving text.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9266.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 61’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 62
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9267.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 62’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 63 A
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9419.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 63 A’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 63 B
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Matara, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9420.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 63 B’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 64
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound E2 · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. The same letter sequence names the tribe Bakīl elsewhere, but the edition considers a personal name more likely here.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 64: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 64, pp. 93.
RIÉ 65
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound E 1, locus 43 · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted inscription. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 65: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 65, pp. 93.
RIÉ 66
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the monument C · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable mason’s mark. No linguistic translation is given.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 66: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 66, pp. 94.
RIÉ 67
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara during the excavation of the mound F · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible mason’s mark. No linguistic translation is given.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 67: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 67, pp. 94.
RIÉ 68
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Matara · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Name; other marks uninterpreted. Two m signs on the right-hand stone remain uninterpreted.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 68: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 68, pp. 94.
RIÉ 69
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Dibdib · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of the three-line dedication. DWL may designate a locality, region, people, or tribe; the edition does not resolve which.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 69: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 69, pp. 94–95.
RIÉ 70
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Dibdib, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9448.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 70’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 71
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9454.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 71’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 72 A
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9538.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 72 A’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 72 B
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9540.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 72 B’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 73
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9542.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 73’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 74
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Feqya, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving dedication with editorial restoration. The lost verb could have been singular or plural. <This stone> is supplied from the object, not a surviving word.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 74: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 74, pp. 101.
RIÉ 75
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Feqya, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of the surviving three-line dedication. <This stone> is supplied from the object. HYW is probably a co-dedicant.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 75: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 75, pp. 101.
RIÉ 76
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9483.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 76’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 77
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
DASI/CSAI English translation available in the reader.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9485.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 77’, DASI, first published 2015-05-03.
RIÉ 78
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9661.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 78’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 79
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9663.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 79’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 80
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Feqya, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uncertain personal-name fragment. A damaged word may be a personal name; the letters in the second line remain uninterpreted.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 80: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 80, pp. 105.
RIÉ 81
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9665.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 81’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 82
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 2 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9667.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 82’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 83
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Barachit, Debub, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9679.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 83’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 84
Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A) · Dera, Eritrea · Early Sabaic (Ethiopia/Eritrea)
Early highland dedication, private inscription, or fragment.
Original
DASI transliteration and normalized Old South Arabian Unicode are available in the reader; surviving lineation retained.
English
Fresh literal English rendering of the surviving text is available; DASI supplies no English translation.
Image
Exact record media available: 1 linked DASI image(s), all visually checked; the reader uses image record 9680.
- Giulia Buono (ed.), ‘RIÉ 84’, DASI, first published 2015-07-12.
RIÉ 85
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of two short texts. The divine names in Text II are probable readings; the etymology of YGDY is uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 85: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 85, pp. 108–109.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 63, no. 36.
RIÉ 86
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. The name is otherwise unknown; its proposed compound structure has no convincing etymology.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 86: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 86, p. 109.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 63, no. 37.
RIÉ 87
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preferred identification within an uncertain text. Drewes prefers a personal-name interpretation of ḤYWT over Littmann’s tentative ‘for the life of ʾAgʷabat’; the exact form and etymology of the other names remain doubtful.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 87: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 87, pp. 109–110.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 64, no. 38.
RIÉ 88
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Tokhonda, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Both readings are offered; the root is secure but the final consonant is not.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 88: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 88, p. 110.
RIÉ 89
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Kelette Afa, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. GʿSY may be a local name; its etymology is uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 89: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 89, p. 110.
RIÉ 90
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 91 and 124–126.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 90: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 90, p. 111.
RIÉ 91
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two preserved personal names. The etymology of ḤDBR remains uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 91: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 91, pp. 111–112.
RIÉ 92
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two partly legible names from four texts. Only the names in Texts II and III are more or less legible; the reading and derivation of both remain doubtful.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 92: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 92, p. 112.
RIÉ 93
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two surviving words. Only the kinship phrase and name remain legible.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 93: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 93, pp. 112–113.
RIÉ 94
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 97 and has South Arabian parallels.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 94: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 94, p. 113.
RIÉ 95
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. WDGLY is considered a local name of uncertain etymology; MʿDʾL is well attested in South Arabia.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 95: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 95, p. 113.
RIÉ 96
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Both readings are possible; the inscription does not decide between them.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 96: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 96, p. 114.
RIÉ 97
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 94.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 97: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 97, p. 114.
RIÉ 98
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. Its grammatical form and interpretation remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 98: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 98, p. 114.
RIÉ 99
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving first line and proposed name gloss. The patronymic is lost after the kinship term.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 99: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 99, p. 115.
RIÉ 100
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Neither reading is otherwise attested as a South Arabian personal name.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 100: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 100, p. 115.
RIÉ 101
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The edition compares related names in RIÉ 9, 12, and 79.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 101: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 101, p. 115.
RIÉ 102
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable local personal name. Drewes rejects Jamme’s reading and the translation ‘ʾAbih has slept [here].’
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 102: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 102, p. 116.
RIÉ 103
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted fragment. The fragmentary text does not permit an interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 103: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 103, p. 116.
RIÉ 104
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Partly legible personal name. A personal name is probable, but it is only partly readable and is not transcribed securely.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 104: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 104, p. 116.
RIÉ 105
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 105: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 105, p. 117.
RIÉ 106
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The verb is interpreted from the root wdd, ‘love’; the linguistic classification remains discussed in the commentary.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 106: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 106, pp. 117–118.
RIÉ 107
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two probable personal names. Both etymologies remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 107: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 107, p. 118.
RIÉ 108
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published formula with abbreviated divine name. The preserved letters DḤ are understood as an abbreviation of the goddess DṮ ḤMN.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 108: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 108, p. 118.
RIÉ 109
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible remains of a known formula. The graffito is incomplete and difficult to read; the formula depends on the tentative reading of its first two letters.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 109: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 109, p. 119.
RIÉ 110
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name and lexical gloss. The related Arabic root can also mean ‘be indulgent.’
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 110: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 110, p. 119.
RIÉ 111
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Neither reading is otherwise attested in South Arabia; QṢRY has a different possible derivation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 111: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 111, pp. 119–120.
RIÉ 112
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uncertain possible personal name. If the word is read ḥwʾr, it may share a root with WʿRN, but the reading itself is uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 112: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 112, p. 120.
RIÉ 113
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name and preferred gloss. The edition prefers derivation from the Ethiopian root ʾkl, ‘suffice,’ over a root meaning ‘eat’; a pronominal suffix would yield ‘it will suffice for him.’
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 113: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 113, pp. 120–121.
RIÉ 114
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. The final r is not certain and the exact meaning of the underlying verb remains unresolved.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 114: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 114, p. 121.

Catalogue

RIÉ 59

RIÉ 60

RIÉ 65

RIÉ 66

RIÉ 67

RIÉ 80

RIÉ 103

RIÉ 104

RIÉ 105

RIÉ 112