418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

163 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 73–96

RIÉ 77

RIÉ 77Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 77: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩪𐩦𐩧𐩥𐩣 [... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 78

RIÉ 78Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 78: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary (conjectural) on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

[... ...](𐩣)((𐩦)) 𐩨𐩬 𐩺𐩨𐩦𐩣

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 79

RIÉ 79Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 79: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩧𐩵𐩱((𐩧𐩵𐩱))

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 81

RIÉ 81Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 81: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩺𐩢𐩬𐩬𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩲𐩺𐩵𐩵

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 82

RIÉ 82Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Feqya, Senafe, Eritrea

RIÉ 82: stone piece from Feqya

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Feqya, Eritrea.

𐩠𐩲𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩺𐩥

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 83

RIÉ 83Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Barachit, Debub, Eritrea

RIÉ 83: stone piece from Barachit

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Barachit, Eritrea, now recorded at Asmara.

𐩢𐩺𐩳𐩳 𐩨𐩬|

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 84

RIÉ 84Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Dera, Eritrea

RIÉ 84: slab from Dera

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a slab of stone from Dera, Eritrea.

[... ...]𐩣 𐩹-𐩧𐩺—

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

Five-line Ethio-Sabaean inscription on the altar block from Ṣ́ǝrḥan

GE Ṣ́ǝrḥan 1 · Altar dedication · Photograph

GE Ṣ́ǝrḥan 1First half of the 1st millennium BCEṢ́ǝrḥan, Aḥfärom, Tǝgray, Ethiopia

Taʿattarat’s altar dedication to ḏāt Ḥamēn

A woman named Taʿattarat dedicated a Maslam altar to ḏāt Ḥamēn under the authority of the previously unattested king ḏū Lakkān, grandson of king Lāmān.

◊ / 𐩩𐩲𐩩𐩧𐩩 / 𐩠𐩤𐩬

Ethio-SabaeanRead text

RIÉ 38

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 38Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainYeha

Inscription from Yeha

Surviving fragment, partly interpreted. The beginning is lost. The readings and meanings of the intervening words are uncertain; the final protective formula is translated by the edition.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 47

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 47Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainYeha

Inscription from Yeha

Surviving text, partly interpreted. mṭry designates the altar but its precise meaning is uncertain. The final sequence ws nsb tyw remains uninterpreted; “projection” describes the stone surface.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 58

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 58Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainMatara during the excavation of the mound B

Dedication from Matara during the excavation of the mound B

Surviving dedicatory fragment. The beginning, ending, and part of the divine name are lost; brackets retain the edition’s restoration.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 64

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 64Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainMatara during the excavation of the mound E2

Inscription from Matara during the excavation of the mound E2

Probable personal name. The same letter sequence names the tribe Bakīl elsewhere, but the edition considers a personal name more likely here.

BKLM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 68

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 68Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainMatara

Inscription from Matara

Name; other marks uninterpreted. Two m signs on the right-hand stone remain uninterpreted.

ʿNYM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 69

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 69Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainDibdib

Dedication from Dibdib

Published translation of the three-line dedication. DWL may designate a locality, region, people, or tribe; the edition does not resolve which.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 74

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 74Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainFeqya, engraved on a stone

Dedication from Feqya, engraved on a stone

Surviving dedication with editorial restoration. The lost verb could have been singular or plural. <This stone> is supplied from the object, not a surviving word.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 75

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 75Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainFeqya, engraved on a stone

Dedication from Feqya, engraved on a stone

Published translation of the surviving three-line dedication. <This stone> is supplied from the object. HYW is probably a co-dedicant.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 36, corresponding to RIÉ 85.

DAE IV no. 36, printed p. 63; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 85.

RIÉ 85Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Published translation of two short texts. The divine names in Text II are probable readings; the etymology of YGDY is uncertain.

YGDY / ḤBS // [ʿW]B / NYRWY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 37, corresponding to RIÉ 86.

DAE IV no. 37, printed p. 63; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 86.

RIÉ 86Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Probable personal name. The name is otherwise unknown; its proposed compound structure has no convincing etymology.

SBGLY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Published facsimile for DAE IV 38, corresponding to RIÉ 87.

DAE IV no. 38, printed p. 64; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 87.

RIÉ 87Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Preferred identification within an uncertain text. Drewes prefers a personal-name interpretation of ḤYWT over Littmann’s tentative ‘for the life of ʾAgʷabat’; the exact form and etymology of the other names remain doubtful.

ḤYWT (?)

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 88

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 88Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainTokhonda, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Tokhonda, engraved on a stone

Alternative readings of a personal name. Both readings are offered; the root is secure but the final consonant is not.

SMʿN / SMʿS

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 89

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 89Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainKelette Afa, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Kelette Afa, engraved on a stone

Published translation. GʿSY may be a local name; its etymology is uncertain.

WKLʾL bn GʿSY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 90

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 90Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 91 and 124–126.

GBRN

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 91

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 91Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi, engraved on a stone

Two preserved personal names. The etymology of ḤDBR remains uncertain.

GBRN // ḤDBR

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 92

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 92Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Two partly legible names from four texts. Only the names in Texts II and III are more or less legible; the reading and derivation of both remain doubtful.

WNʾN / ʿNʾN (?) // DBRY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

121–180 of 199 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

DʿMT & early highlands60

RIÉ 115
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two names with one alternative reading. The first reading is insecure; DMLY is clear but its etymology is unknown.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 115: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 115, pp. 121–122.
RIÉ 116
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. It may be local; its root and exact form are uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 116: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 116, p. 122.
RIÉ 117
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name and lexical relation. The final n may be South Arabian nunation; the name may nevertheless be local.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 117: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 117, pp. 122–123.
RIÉ 118
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 117.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 118: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 118, p. 123.
RIÉ 119
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. Both names are probably local; their precise verbal derivations remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 119: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 119, pp. 123–124.
RIÉ 120
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 120: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 120, p. 124.
RIÉ 121
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation with uncertain principal name. The reading BQLNYʾ is not entirely certain; the father’s name is well attested.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 121: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 121, p. 124.
RIÉ 122
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 122: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 122, p. 125.
RIÉ 123
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is well attested in South Arabia.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 123: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 123, p. 125.
RIÉ 124
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The father’s name is local and of uncertain etymology.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 124: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 124, p. 125.
RIÉ 125
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is discussed under RIÉ 90.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 125: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 125, p. 126.
RIÉ 126
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is discussed under RIÉ 90.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 126: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 126, p. 126.
RIÉ 127
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The etymology is uncertain; the same name occurs in RIÉ 95, 124, and 128.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 127: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 127, p. 126.
RIÉ 128
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation with restored patronymic. The father’s name is restored from RIÉ 95.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 128: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 128, pp. 126–127.
RIÉ 129
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of a fragmentary text. The first name’s completion is uncertain and the remaining names are too fragmentary for etymological interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 129: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 129, pp. 127–128.
RIÉ 130
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The same text occurs in RIÉ 89.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 130: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 130, p. 128.
RIÉ 131
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted fragment. The text is too fragmentary to interpret.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 131: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 131, p. 128.
RIÉ 132
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Problematic graffito with possible personal names. The proposed reading GFN is possible, but a following bn was not identified and the remaining readings are insecure.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 132: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 132, p. 129.
RIÉ 133
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Conditional interpretation of line 1. The reading depends on treating the initial aleph as a symbol; line 2 is uninterpreted.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 133: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 133, p. 129.
RIÉ 134
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Single recognizable word. Only the kinship term bn is recognized.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 134: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 134, p. 129.
RIÉ 135
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. ʿWB is identified as a local divinity.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 135: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 135, p. 130.
RIÉ 136
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The cited Arabic derivations, ‘bind’ or ‘gift,’ are proposals rather than a settled gloss.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 136: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 136, p. 130.
RIÉ 137
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Both the reading and etymology are uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 137: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 137, pp. 130–131.
RIÉ 138
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible personal-name fragment. The edition compares YLM elsewhere, but the surviving reading here is incomplete.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 138: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 138, p. 131.
RIÉ 139
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved but not fully certain personal name. The name is probably South Arabian in origin, but the reading and etymology are not fully certain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 139: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 139, p. 131.
RIÉ 140
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name appears in the preceding entry.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 140: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 140, p. 132.
RIÉ 141
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. SFḤN is probably a local personal name despite its South Arabian ending.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 141: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 141, p. 132.
RIÉ 142
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Unidentifiable personal-name fragment. A personal name probably followed the symbol, but too few letters remain to identify it.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 142: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 142, pp. 132–133.
RIÉ 143
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. Both names may be local. Several verbal glosses are discussed for MRḤK, including ‘he protected you’ and ‘he guided you,’ but none is certain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 143: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 143, pp. 133–134.
RIÉ 144
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of Text I. GRWHTN is considered a local name of uncertain etymology; Text II is too fragmentary to identify its name.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 144: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 144, p. 134.
RIÉ 145
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. Several South Arabian and Ethiopian lexical comparisons are discussed without a definitive gloss.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 145: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 145, p. 135.
RIÉ 146
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. ḤBS is considered South Arabian in origin; WHBM also occurs in RIÉ 135.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 146: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 146, p. 135.
RIÉ 147
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is also attested in South Arabia.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 147: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 147, p. 136.
RIÉ 148
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Unidentifiable personal name. The name is too damaged to identify.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 148: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 148, p. 136.
RIÉ 149
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Recognizable remains of a formula. Only remnants of the formula are preserved.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 149: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 149, p. 136.
RIÉ 150
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name probably derives from the same root as ḤQN in RIÉ 107.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 150: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 150, pp. 136–137.
RIÉ 151
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uncertain graffito. Both reading and interpretation are uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 151: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 151, p. 137.
RIÉ 152
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The reading of YWḎRʿ is explicitly conditional; both personal names have uncertain etymologies.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 152: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 152, p. 137.
RIÉ 153
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Apparently complete divine-name phrase. The text appears to contain only these divine names, perhaps preceded by a symbol.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 153: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 153, pp. 137–138.
RIÉ 154
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving phrase. YŠG is considered a local personal name of unknown etymology.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 154: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 154, p. 138.
RIÉ 155
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Apparently complete divine-name phrase. A separator precedes ḤBS, perhaps with a symbol before it.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 155: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 155, p. 138.
RIÉ 156
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. YNŠ is a local personal name; the understood subject of the second clause is the goddess DṮ ḤMN.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 156: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 156, pp. 138–139.
RIÉ 157
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The connotation is unclear; the commentary compares a traditional oath formula.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 157: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 157, p. 139.
RIÉ 158
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. GBLM is probably a local personal name.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 158: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 158, pp. 139–140.
RIÉ 159
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. LNʾ is a local personal name; the verbal subject is understood as DṮ ḤMN, and final -m adds emphasis.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 159: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 159, p. 140.
RIÉ 160
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name and tentative gloss. The name may be South Arabian or local; identification with a passive participle meaning ‘desired’ is one proposal.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 160: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 160, pp. 140–141.
RIÉ 161
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted engravings. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 161: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 161, p. 141.
RIÉ 162
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible but unreadable personal names. Names probably follow the symbols on both lines, but neither their exact forms nor their etymologies are clear.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 162: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 162, pp. 141–142.
RIÉ 163
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of a preserved formula. The author’s name may be omitted or lost beyond the photographed edge.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 163: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 163, p. 142.
RIÉ 164
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable names in the final two lines. The first two lines are incomprehensible and the etymologies of both proposed names remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 164: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 164, pp. 142–143.
RIÉ 165
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Fragmentary South Arabian alphabet. The edition gives a revised sequence of letters rather than a semantic text; several signs remain disputed, so no reader-facing transliteration or translation is supplied here.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 165: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 165, pp. 143–144.
RIÉ 166
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 166: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 166, p. 144.
RIÉ 167
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable name and recognizable formula. The etymology of GGT is uncertain; line 2 preserves only part of the formula.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 167: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 167, pp. 144–145.
RIÉ 168
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Beginning of a possible formula. A secure reading is impossible because the published retouching is faulty. DṮ ḤMN is only a possible restoration.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 168: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 168, p. 145.
RIÉ 169
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible personal name in line 2. Line 1 is part of an alphabet; the smaller letters in line 2 may form a local name with a South Arabian ending.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 169: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 169, p. 145.
RIÉ 170
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Problematic graffito. The reading and interpretation are problematic; Ricci’s tentative first-word reading tlhg is not adopted as secure text.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 170: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 170, p. 146.
RIÉ 171
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation of either line.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 171: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 171, p. 146.
RIÉ 172
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name and tentative verbal gloss. The name is related to the Ethiopian Semitic root meaning ‘help’; the exact verbal force is not certain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 172: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 172, p. 146.
RIÉ 173
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted letters. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 173: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 173, p. 147.
RIÉ 174
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. A South Arabian parallel BʿLM is cited.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 174: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 174, p. 147.

Catalogue

RIÉ 120

RIÉ 122

RIÉ 131

RIÉ 132

RIÉ 142

RIÉ 148

RIÉ 151

RIÉ 161

RIÉ 162

RIÉ 165

RIÉ 166

RIÉ 170

RIÉ 171

RIÉ 173