418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

418 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 25–48

RIÉ 13

RIÉ 13Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Unknown (Ethiopia), Ethiopia

RIÉ 13: altar from Unknown (Ethiopia)

DASI catalogues this royal dedicatory text - fragmentary on a altar of stone from Unknown (Ethiopia), Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 671.

[... ... 𐩡𐩣]𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 14

RIÉ 14Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Hawlti, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 14: throne from Hawlti

DASI catalogues this inscription on a throne of stone from Hawlti, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 1658.

|𐩧𐩰𐩦|

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 15

RIÉ 15Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Hawlti, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 15: stela from Hawlti

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stela of stone from Hawlti, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 1641.

𐩥𐩲[𐩧𐩬]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 16

RIÉ 16Pre-Aksumite; absolute date not supplied by DASIHawlti, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 16: stela from Hawlti

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stela of stone from Hawlti, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 1625.

[... ...](𐩲)𐩧𐩫(𐩺)[𐩩𐩬 ... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 17

RIÉ 17Pre-Aksumite; absolute date not supplied by DASIHawlti, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 17: stela from Hawlti

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stela of stone from Hawlti, Ethiopia.

[... ...]𐩣[... ...]𐩲𐩧[𐩫𐩩𐩬 ((𐩲𐩧𐩫𐩺𐩩𐩬))... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 18

RIÉ 18Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Enda Tcherqos, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 18: stone piece from Enda Tcherqos

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Enda Tcherqos, Ethiopia, now recorded at Aksum, Museum.

[... ...]𐩥𐩲(𐩧𐩬) 𐩨((𐩳))𐩧 𐩣𐩺𐩱 𐩡-𐩥[... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 19

RIÉ 19Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Enda Tcherqos, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 19: altar from Enda Tcherqos

DASI catalogues this inscription on a altar of stone from Enda Tcherqos, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 1363.

𐩥𐩲[𐩧𐩬 ... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 20

RIÉ 20Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 20: incense burner from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a incense burner of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 63.

[... ...]𐩲𐩹(𐩨)𐩣((𐩲𐩹(𐩱)𐩣)) [... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 21

RIÉ 21Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 21: incense burner from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this inscription on a incense burner of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 114.

[... ...]𐩡 𐩰𐩩𐩢𐩺[𐩬 ... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 22

RIÉ 22Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 22: altar from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary (conjectural) on a altar of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 241.

[... ... 𐩰]𐩤𐩣[𐩣 ... ...]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 23

RIÉ 23Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 23: stone piece from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this inscription on a stone piece of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia.

[𐩮𐩨𐩢𐩠𐩣𐩥] 𐩥-𐩡𐩢[𐩺 𐩨]—

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 24

RIÉ 24Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 24: stone piece from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary (conjectural) on a stone piece of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 113.

𐩮𐩨𐩢𐩠[𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩡𐩢𐩺 𐩨]—

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 25

RIÉ 25Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 25: incense burner from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this inscription on a incense burner of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 62.

𐩥𐩲𐩧𐩬

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 26

RIÉ 26Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 26: stone piece from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a stone piece of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 100.

[... ... 𐩴](𐩧𐩨𐩺𐩬)[𐩠𐩬]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 27

RIÉ 27Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 27: stone piece from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a stone piece of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 112.

[.]𐩣𐩣 𐩴𐩧𐩨𐩺𐩬𐩠𐩬

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 28

RIÉ 28Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 28: incense burner from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a incense burner of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 105.

[... ...]𐩲[... ...]𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺|

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 29

RIÉ 29Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 29: altar from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a altar of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 101.

[...] 𐩨𐩬 𐩰𐩤𐩣(𐩣) [𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩱𐩡](𐩣)[𐩤𐩠]

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 30

RIÉ 30Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 30: altar from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text on a altar of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 110.

𐩮𐩨𐩢𐩠𐩣𐩥 ←𐩥-𐩡𐩢𐩺 𐩨𐩬 𐩰𐩤𐩣—

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 31

RIÉ 31Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Gobochela, Aksum, Ethiopia

RIÉ 31: incense burner from Gobochela

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text on a incense burner of stone from Gobochela, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 111.

𐩺𐩡𐩨𐩨

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 33 A

RIÉ 33 AEarly 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Yeha, Tigray, Ethiopia

RIÉ 33 A: altar from Yeha

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a altar of stone from Yeha, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 2398.

𐩣𐩣𐩪 𐩥-𐩠𐩩[.]↯𐩬 <𐩠>𐩤𐩬𐩺𐩥→ 𐩺𐩰𐩲𐩣 𐩨-𐩢𐩥 𐩬↯𐩰𐩪-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩥-𐩬𐩰[𐩪 𐩱]𐩡𐩱𐩪 𐩥-

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 33 B

RIÉ 33 BEarly 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Yeha, Tigray, Ethiopia

RIÉ 33 B: altar from Yeha

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a altar of stone from Yeha, Ethiopia, now recorded at Addis Abeba, National Archaeological Museum, JE 2398.

[... ...] 𐩥-𐩲↯𐩪𐩩𐩧 𐩥-𐩬𐩧𐩥

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 34

RIÉ 34Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Yeha, Tigray, Ethiopia

RIÉ 34: incense burner (mqṭr) from Yeha

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text on a incense burner (mqṭr) of stone from Yeha, Ethiopia.

𐩢𐩵𐩥𐩪𐩬 ←𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩲𐩺𐩨𐩪

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 35

RIÉ 35Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Yeha, Tigray, Ethiopia

RIÉ 35: with bull head as gutter from Yeha

DASI catalogues this dedicatory text - fragmentary on a with bull head as gutter of stone from Yeha, Ethiopia.

𐩺𐩷𐩭𐩵 𐩨𐩬 𐩴𐩢𐩵𐩨𐩺 𐩠𐩤𐩬←𐩺 𐩠𐩥𐩨𐩪|←[𐩣]𐩲𐩬𐩬𐩬

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

RIÉ 36

RIÉ 36Early 1st millennium–5th/4th c. BCE (DASI Period A)Yeha, Tigray, Ethiopia

RIÉ 36: lintel from Yeha

DASI catalogues this inscription on a lintel of stone from Yeha, Ethiopia.

[... ...]𐩬 𐩨[𐩬 ]↯𐩱𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩨𐩬 𐩥𐩲𐩧𐩬↯ 𐩥-𐩨𐩦𐩣𐩩 𐩥-𐩲𐩹𐩩𐩣 𐩲𐩧𐩫𐩺𐩩𐩬

Ethiopian Early SabaicRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

421–480 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Aksumite corpus & Arabian witnesses56

RIÉ 393
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 428
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 65, no. 46.
RIÉ 394
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 429
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 47.
RIÉ 395
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 430
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 48.
RIÉ 396
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 430
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 49.
RIÉ 397
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 431
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 50.
RIÉ 398
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 432
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 51.
RIÉ 399
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 433
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 52.
RIÉ 401
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 433
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53b.
RIÉ 402
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 434
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53c.
RIÉ 404
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 435
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 54.
RIÉ 405
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 436
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 55.
RIÉ 406
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 436
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 56.
RIÉ 407
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 437
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 57.
RIÉ 408
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 437
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 58.
RIÉ 409
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 438
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 59–60.
RIÉ 410
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 439
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 59–60.
RIÉ 411
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 440
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 61.
RIÉ 412
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 440
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 62.
RIÉ 413
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available: upper monogram of DAE 63.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 441
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 63.
RIÉ 414
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 441
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 64.
RIÉ 416
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 442
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 66.
RIÉ 417
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 443
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 70, no. 67.
RIÉ 418
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 444
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 70, no. 69.
RIÉ 419
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 444
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 70, no. 70–71–72.
RIÉ 420
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 445
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 73.
RIÉ 421
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 446
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 73a.
RIÉ 422
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 446
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 74.
RIÉ 423
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 447
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 75.
RIÉ 424
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 447
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 76.
RIÉ 425
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 447
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 77.
RIÉ 426
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 448
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 78.
RIÉ 427
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 449
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 79.
RIÉ 428
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 449
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 80.
RIÉ 429
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 450
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 81.
RIÉ 430
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 450
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 82.
RIÉ 431
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 451
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 83.
RIÉ 432
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 451
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 84.
RIÉ 433
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 452
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 73, no. 87.
RIÉ 434
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 452
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 73, no. 88.
RIÉ 435
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 453
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 73, no. 90.
RIÉ 436
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 454
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 91.
RIÉ 437
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 454
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 92.
RIÉ 438
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 455
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 93.
RIÉ 439
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 456
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 94.
RIÉ 440
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 456
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 95.
RIÉ 441
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 456
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 75, no. 97.
RIÉ 442
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 457
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 75, no. 98.
RIÉ 443
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 457
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 75, no. 99.
Ẓafār 08-077
after 525 CE · Ẓafār, Yemen · Geʿez
after the Aksumite conquest of Himyar beginning in 525 CE
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- Walter W. Müller, ‘Äthiopische Inschriftenfragmente aus der himjarischen Hauptstadt Ẓafār’, Aethiopica 15 (2012), pp. 10–13, fig. 1
- Walter W. Müller, ‘Äthiopische Inschriftenfragmente aus der himjarischen Hauptstadt Ẓafār’, Aethiopica 15 (2012), pp. 7–21.
CIH 541
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha’s long royal inscription records a revolt, dam repairs, a church dedication, and embassies from neighbouring powers.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- CIH 541 Sadd Maʾrib 5. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
- Romolo Loreto, discussion of Christian architecture and inscriptions, in A. V. Sedov (ed.), Arabia and Islam (2014), pp. 134–135.
CIH 621
530 CE · Biʾr ʿAlī, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ and his sons record repairs to a fortress after returning from Ḥabašat and an Abyssinian invasion of Ḥimyar.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- CIH 621 Ry 342; RES 2633; RES 5091. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
DAI GDN 2002-20
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha records the construction, dimensions, and completion of a structure at the Great Dam of Maʾrib.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- DAI GDN 2002-20 Sadd Maʾrib 4. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Gr 27
Late 3rd–early 4th century CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A building dedication records reconstruction after a fire attributed to Abyssinian forces.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Gr 27. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Ist 7608 bis
c. 530s CE · Ḍāf, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A Christian royal fragment names Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ, the rulers of Aksum, and Ella Aṣbeḥa. Its relationship to Wellcome A 103664 is uncertain.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Ist 7608 bis RES 3904. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Ja 547+Ja 546+Ja 544+Ja 545
558 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Tribal leaders commemorate work on the Maʾrib dam under Abraha. Four separately numbered portions form one inscription.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Ja 547+Ja 546+Ja 544+Ja 545 Sadd Maʾrib 6. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Ja 1028
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A commander of Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar records the destruction of churches and conflict with Abyssinian forces.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Ja 1028. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
- Romolo Loreto, discussion of Christian architecture and inscriptions, in A. V. Sedov (ed.), Arabia and Islam (2014), pp. 134–135.

Earlier, later & uncertain comparisons4

RIÉ 400
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 433
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53a.
RIÉ 403
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 434
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53d.
RIÉ 415
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 441
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 65.
Gar antichità 9 d
509 CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A dated building inscription invokes Raḥmānān and King Marthadʾilān Yanuf; included as an Arabian chronological witness.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Gar AY 9d. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.