418 inscriptions
DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.
418 inscriptions in chronological order
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 152Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainGobo Fentseh
Published translation. The reading of YWḎRʿ is explicitly conditional; both personal names have uncertain etymologies.
YWḎRʿ bn RYKN / l-ydd ʿstr
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 153Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainGobo Fentseh
Apparently complete divine-name phrase. The text appears to contain only these divine names, perhaps preceded by a symbol.
ḤBS w-ʿSTR
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 154Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainGobo Fentseh
Surviving phrase. YŠG is considered a local personal name of unknown etymology.
YŠG bn […]
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 155Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainGobo Fentseh
Apparently complete divine-name phrase. A separator precedes ḤBS, perhaps with a symbol before it.
ḤBS [w-]ʿSTR
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 156Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Published translation. YNŠ is a local personal name; the understood subject of the second clause is the goddess DṮ ḤMN.
YNŠ / l-ṭḥw
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 157Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Published translation. The connotation is unclear; the commentary compares a traditional oath formula.
y-mwt ʿWB
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 158Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Published translation. GBLM is probably a local personal name.
GBLM / l-ṭḥw DṮ ḤM[N]
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 159Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Published translation. LNʾ is a local personal name; the verbal subject is understood as DṮ ḤMN, and final -m adds emphasis.
LNʾ / l-yḥ / tḥwm
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 160Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Preserved personal name and tentative gloss. The name may be South Arabian or local; identification with a passive participle meaning ‘desired’ is one proposal.
MNYM
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 163Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Published translation of a preserved formula. The author’s name may be omitted or lost beyond the photographed edge.
[…] l-ṭḥw DṮ ḤMN
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 164Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Probable names in the final two lines. The first two lines are incomprehensible and the etymologies of both proposed names remain uncertain.
[…] / MLGʾ / QŠMN
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 167Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Probable name and recognizable formula. The etymology of GGT is uncertain; line 2 preserves only part of the formula.
GGT / […] DṮ ḤMN
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 168Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Beginning of a possible formula. A secure reading is impossible because the published retouching is faulty. DṮ ḤMN is only a possible restoration.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 169Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Possible personal name in line 2. Line 1 is part of an alphabet; the smaller letters in line 2 may form a local name with a South Arabian ending.
TBʿL / TBʿM (?)
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 172Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Preserved personal name and tentative verbal gloss. The name is related to the Ethiopian Semitic root meaning ‘help’; the exact verbal force is not certain.
HGZT
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 174Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAddi Qayyih area
Probable personal name. A South Arabian parallel BʿLM is cited.
BʿL
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 175Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainSaro
Preserved personal name and preferred vocalization. The internal ʿ may represent a vowel; the causative interpretation is preferred but remains an etymological proposal.
YʿSBR
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 176Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainAwalo
Published translation. Both names may be local; the proposed South Arabian connection of DʿMN remains conditional.
DʿMN bn ŠYHN
No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.
RIÉ 177Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainprovenance unknown
Published translation. The object appears much later than the other monumental Sabaic inscriptions from Ethiopia and may have originated in South Arabia.
WHBRYMM / NMRM / GRBN
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 289pre-Aksumite royal-name sealYeha
This seal from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
WʿRN HYWT
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 292commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentSabea
This small bronze object from Sabea preserves surviving short text or mark.
ḥsn / nḥs (?)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 319commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentMatara
This inscribed pottery or graffito on pottery from Matara preserves preserved name.
YLM
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 384commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentMatara
This inscribed pottery or graffito on pottery from Matara preserves preserved personal name.
nṣmt
DAE IV no. 43, printed p. 65; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 390.RIÉ 390commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignmentʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
ʾiyu … t-gh- (?)
Source register
RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.
421–480 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
after 525 CE · Ẓafār, Yemen · Geʿez
after the Aksumite conquest of Himyar beginning in 525 CE
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha’s long royal inscription records a revolt, dam repairs, a church dedication, and embassies from neighbouring powers.
530 CE · Biʾr ʿAlī, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ and his sons record repairs to a fortress after returning from Ḥabašat and an Abyssinian invasion of Ḥimyar.
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha records the construction, dimensions, and completion of a structure at the Great Dam of Maʾrib.
Late 3rd–early 4th century CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A building dedication records reconstruction after a fire attributed to Abyssinian forces.
c. 530s CE · Ḍāf, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A Christian royal fragment names Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ, the rulers of Aksum, and Ella Aṣbeḥa. Its relationship to Wellcome A 103664 is uncertain.
558 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Tribal leaders commemorate work on the Maʾrib dam under Abraha. Four separately numbered portions form one inscription.
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A commander of Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar records the destruction of churches and conflict with Abyssinian forces.
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
509 CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A dated building inscription invokes Raḥmānān and King Marthadʾilān Yanuf; included as an Arabian chronological witness.
