418 inscriptions
DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.
418 inscriptions in chronological order
DAE IV no. 58, printed p. 68; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 408.RIÉ 408Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Fataḥi (?)
DAE IV nos. 59–60, printed p. 68; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 409–410.RIÉ 409Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Za-Mikeyas
DAE IV nos. 59–60, printed p. 68; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 409–410.RIÉ 410Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Tobya
DAE IV no. 61, printed p. 68; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 411.RIÉ 411Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Safari ʾiyu
DAE IV no. 62, printed p. 69; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 412.RIÉ 412Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Tobya
RIÉ 413 · Upper monogram · DAE 63 facsimile; RIÉ 254 belowRIÉ 413Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Sawwun
DAE IV no. 64, printed p. 69; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 414.RIÉ 414Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Naʿawe
DAE IV no. 66, printed p. 69; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 416.RIÉ 416Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
wdḥd (?) / yrhw (?)
DAE IV no. 67, printed p. 70; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 417.RIÉ 417Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Sawwun
DAE IV no. 69, printed p. 70; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 418.RIÉ 418Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Ysbr- / Y-ʿ-sbr-
DAE IV nos. 70–71–72, printed p. 70; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 419.RIÉ 419Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Lzb- z-q-s-wa; Trf-; N-ʿay ʾana
DAE IV no. 73, printed p. 71; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 420.RIÉ 420Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Fassāḥa ʾana
DAE IV no. 73a, printed p. 71; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 421.RIÉ 421Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
N-ʿay / N-ʿayi
DAE IV no. 74, printed p. 71; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 422.RIÉ 422Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Fassāḥa naya
DAE IV no. 75, printed p. 71; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 423.RIÉ 423Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Sabūḥ
DAE IV no. 76, printed p. 71; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 424.RIÉ 424Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
s-mu w-nb- / w-nb s-mu
DAE IV no. 77, printed p. 71; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 425.RIÉ 425Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
ʾana whbm- / whbm- ʾana
DAE IV no. 78, printed p. 71; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 426.RIÉ 426Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Baruk ʾana
DAE IV no. 79, printed p. 72; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 427.RIÉ 427Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Yonatan
DAE IV no. 80, printed p. 72; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 428.RIÉ 428Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Fataḥi
DAE IV no. 81, printed p. 72; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 429.RIÉ 429Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
hgs sbr (?)
DAE IV no. 82, printed p. 72; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 430.RIÉ 430Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
zmk-
DAE IV no. 83, printed p. 72; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 431.RIÉ 431Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Sawwun ʾana
DAE IV no. 84, printed p. 72; facsimile corresponding to RIÉ 432.RIÉ 432Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region
This monogram from ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region preserves surviving short text or mark.
Marir naya (?)
Source register
RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.
481–512 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.
552 CE · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
Abraha records a campaign against Maʿadd, military detachments, submission, and hostages.
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A damaged campaign text recounts attacks at Ẓafār and Makhāwān and operations toward Najrān.
523 CE · ʿān-Halkān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A Ḥimyarite commander’s account of attacks on Abyssinians and churches, and preparations at Mandab and Najrān.
6th century CE; probably c. 552 · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
The qayl Mns¹ dhū-Dharnḥ records accompanying King Abraha on a campaign against Maʿadd.
6th century CE · Unknown, Unknown · Late Sabaic
A fragmentary Christian inscription mentions Aksum and Abyssinian forces at Ṣanʿāʾ; it may belong to the same text as Ist 7608 bis.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
A Sabaean dedication records an alliance with GDRT, king of Ḥabašat. Several ancient copies preserve this longer version.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
The shorter recension of the Riyām dedication, preserved in several copies. The photograph shows Gl 870+872.
3rd century CE · al-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two Sabaean officers dedicate bronze statues and record an embassy from Shammar dhū-Raydān and the tribes of Ḥabašat.
3rd century CE · Unknown, Unknown · Sabaic
A damaged dedication recounts campaigns against several opponents, including Ḥabašat.
Early 3rd century CE · Rayda, Yemen · Sabaic
Commanders serving Shaʿirum Awtar recount campaigns by land and sea in a dedication to their solar deity.
253 CE · al-Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
A military commemoration in the temple of the solar deity ʿAlyat, dated in the Ḥimyarite era.
272 CE · al-Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
A long temple text recounts military service under successive Ḥimyarite kings and campaigns involving Abyssinian forces.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Wfym ʾḏrḥ dedicates a bronze statue and bull after defending Ḥashid during the reign of Shaʿirum Awtar.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two qayls dedicate bronze statues after campaigns of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin against Ḥabašat and their allies.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Hʿn dedicates a bronze statue after a campaign against Abyssinian forces under Nashʾakarib Yuʾmin Yuharḥib.
c. 312–316 CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A Sabaean envoy records travel to the land of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites and his return with Abyssinian envoys.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two Sabaean kings dedicate silver statues after fighting Abyssinian forces and their allies in the western lowlands.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A fragmentary royal dedication recounts a campaign from Ṣanʿāʾ into Sahratān and the coastal country.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Qṭbn ʾwkn records an embassy to GDRT, king of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites, followed by campaigns involving the prince BYGT.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A dedication from the Awwām temple recounts military service, including operations involving Abyssinian forces.
c. 160–190 CE · Umm Laylā, Yemen · Sabaic
A tribal agreement to strengthen defences and restore cisterns after Abyssinian forces reached the country.
3rd century CE · al-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A Barʾān dedication combines favourable oracles, diplomacy with Ḥimyar, and campaigns against Abyssinian forces.
First half of the 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
An Awwām dedication recounts conflict with Abyssinian forces in Sihām and Wādī Ḥaraḍ under Laḥayʿathat Yarkham.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two brothers thank ʾAlmaqah for their father’s return after an embassy to the Abyssinians and imprisonment at S³wm.
c. 552 CE · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A royal rock inscription records Abraha’s authority over Maʿadd and other Arabian communities.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A long dedication of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin recounts wars, hostages, and conflict involving Abyssinian forces.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
A fragmentary statue base preserves a shorter version of CIH 308, including GDRT and the alliance.
Middle Sabaic period; absolute date uncertain · Jabal Ḏaẖār, Yemen · Sabaic
A damaged building inscription records repairs to a city, houses, towers, and a burial place after an attack by an Abyssinian army. The surviving year-number is 98 or 198; its absolute date is not established here.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · South Arabia · Sabaic
Alliance witness cited in the scholarly inventory; exact edition identified.
3rd century CE · Jabal Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
Rock inscription cited for campaigns against Abyssinians; lines 8–9 are discussed in the corpus.
First half of the 5th century CE · wādī Maʾsal, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A Ḥimyarite royal campaign inscription of Abīkarib Asʿad and Ḥassān Yuhaʾmin. An Arabian comparison; neither its authorship nor its date is Aksumite.
Early 3rd century CE · Barʾān temple, Maʾrib, Yemen · Sabaic
Campaign account of Shaʿirum Awtar cited as historical context; its text does not explicitly name Aksum or Ḥabašat.
