418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

418 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 97–120

RIÉ 93

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 93Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Two surviving words. Only the kinship phrase and name remain legible.

bn WDD

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 94

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 94Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 97 and has South Arabian parallels.

ʾWSM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 95

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 95Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Published translation. WDGLY is considered a local name of uncertain etymology; MʿDʾL is well attested in South Arabia.

WDGLY bn MʿDʾL

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 96

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 96Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Alternative readings of a personal name. Both readings are possible; the inscription does not decide between them.

SFLN / KFLN

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 97

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 97Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 94.

ʾWSM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 98

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 98Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Preserved personal name. Its grammatical form and interpretation remain uncertain.

YMNY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 99

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 99Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Surviving first line and proposed name gloss. The patronymic is lost after the kinship term.

YMNʾL bn […]

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 100

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 100Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Alternative readings of a personal name. Neither reading is otherwise attested as a South Arabian personal name.

STʾM / NTʾM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 101

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 101Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Preserved personal name. The edition compares related names in RIÉ 9, 12, and 79.

RDYʾ

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 102

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 102Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Probable local personal name. Drewes rejects Jamme’s reading and the translation ‘ʾAbih has slept [here].’

NḤBʾ (?)

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 106

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 106Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Published translation. The verb is interpreted from the root wdd, ‘love’; the linguistic classification remains discussed in the commentary.

l-dd ʿstr

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 107

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 107Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi

Inscription from Laʿlay ʿAddi

Two probable personal names. Both etymologies remain uncertain.

ḤQN / YʿM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 108

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 108Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainRuba Kodo

Inscription from Ruba Kodo

Published formula with abbreviated divine name. The preserved letters DḤ are understood as an abbreviation of the goddess DṮ ḤMN.

l-ṭḥw DḤ

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 109

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 109Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainRuba Kodo

Inscription from Ruba Kodo

Possible remains of a known formula. The graffito is incomplete and difficult to read; the formula depends on the tentative reading of its first two letters.

tḥ[…] (?)

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 110

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 110Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainRuba Kodo

Inscription from Ruba Kodo

Probable personal name and lexical gloss. The related Arabic root can also mean ‘be indulgent.’

ḤLM

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 111

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 111Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainRuba Kodo

Inscription from Ruba Kodo

Alternative readings of a personal name. Neither reading is otherwise attested in South Arabia; QṢRY has a different possible derivation.

YṢRY / QṢRY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 113

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 113Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainRuba Kodo

Probable personal name and preferred gloss. The edition prefers derivation from the Ethiopian root ʾkl, ‘suffice,’ over a root meaning ‘eat’; a pronominal suffix would yield ‘it will suffice for him.’

YʾKL

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 114

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 114Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainRuba Kodo

Inscription from Ruba Kodo

Probable personal name. The final r is not certain and the exact meaning of the underlying verb remains unresolved.

YMḤR

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 115

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 115Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainRuba Kodo

Inscription from Ruba Kodo

Two names with one alternative reading. The first reading is insecure; DMLY is clear but its etymology is unknown.

SQY[M] / ʿQY[M] // DMLY

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 116

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 116Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainZeban Mororo

Inscription from Zeban Mororo

Preserved personal name. It may be local; its root and exact form are uncertain.

ʾNʿN

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 117

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 117Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainZeban Mororo

Inscription from Zeban Mororo

Preserved personal name and lexical relation. The final n may be South Arabian nunation; the name may nevertheless be local.

NQHN

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 118

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 118Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainZeban Mororo

Inscription from Zeban Mororo

Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 117.

NQHN

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 119

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 119Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainZeban Mororo

Inscription from Zeban Mororo

Published translation. Both names are probably local; their precise verbal derivations remain uncertain.

HNQH bn HʿSʿL

Early highland inscriptionRead text

RIÉ 121

No verified photograph or facsimile of this artifact has been retrieved.

RIÉ 121Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertainZeban Mororo

Inscription from Zeban Mororo

Published translation with uncertain principal name. The reading BQLNYʾ is not entirely certain; the father’s name is well attested.

BQLNYʾ bn HʿN

Early highland inscriptionRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

421–480 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Aksumite corpus & Arabian witnesses56

RIÉ 393
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 428
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 65, no. 46.
RIÉ 394
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 429
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 47.
RIÉ 395
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 430
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 48.
RIÉ 396
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 430
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 49.
RIÉ 397
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 431
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 50.
RIÉ 398
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 432
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 66, no. 51.
RIÉ 399
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 433
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 52.
RIÉ 401
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 433
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53b.
RIÉ 402
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 434
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53c.
RIÉ 404
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 435
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 54.
RIÉ 405
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 436
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 55.
RIÉ 406
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 436
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 56.
RIÉ 407
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 437
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 57.
RIÉ 408
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 437
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 58.
RIÉ 409
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 438
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 59–60.
RIÉ 410
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 439
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 59–60.
RIÉ 411
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 440
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 68, no. 61.
RIÉ 412
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 440
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 62.
RIÉ 413
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available: upper monogram of DAE 63.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 441
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 63.
RIÉ 414
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 441
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 64.
RIÉ 416
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 442
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 66.
RIÉ 417
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 443
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 70, no. 67.
RIÉ 418
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 444
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 70, no. 69.
RIÉ 419
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 444
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 70, no. 70–71–72.
RIÉ 420
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 445
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 73.
RIÉ 421
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 446
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 73a.
RIÉ 422
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 446
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 74.
RIÉ 423
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 447
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 75.
RIÉ 424
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 447
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 76.
RIÉ 425
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 447
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 77.
RIÉ 426
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 448
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 71, no. 78.
RIÉ 427
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 449
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 79.
RIÉ 428
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 449
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 80.
RIÉ 429
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 450
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 81.
RIÉ 430
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 450
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 82.
RIÉ 431
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 451
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 83.
RIÉ 432
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 451
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 84.
RIÉ 433
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 452
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 73, no. 87.
RIÉ 434
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 452
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 73, no. 88.
RIÉ 435
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 453
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 73, no. 90.
RIÉ 436
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 454
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 91.
RIÉ 437
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 454
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 92.
RIÉ 438
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 455
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 93.
RIÉ 439
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 456
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 94.
RIÉ 440
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 456
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 95.
RIÉ 441
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 456
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 75, no. 97.
RIÉ 442
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 457
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 75, no. 98.
RIÉ 443
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 457
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 75, no. 99.
Ẓafār 08-077
after 525 CE · Ẓafār, Yemen · Geʿez
after the Aksumite conquest of Himyar beginning in 525 CE
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- Walter W. Müller, ‘Äthiopische Inschriftenfragmente aus der himjarischen Hauptstadt Ẓafār’, Aethiopica 15 (2012), pp. 10–13, fig. 1
- Walter W. Müller, ‘Äthiopische Inschriftenfragmente aus der himjarischen Hauptstadt Ẓafār’, Aethiopica 15 (2012), pp. 7–21.
CIH 541
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha’s long royal inscription records a revolt, dam repairs, a church dedication, and embassies from neighbouring powers.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- CIH 541 Sadd Maʾrib 5. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
- Romolo Loreto, discussion of Christian architecture and inscriptions, in A. V. Sedov (ed.), Arabia and Islam (2014), pp. 134–135.
CIH 621
530 CE · Biʾr ʿAlī, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ and his sons record repairs to a fortress after returning from Ḥabašat and an Abyssinian invasion of Ḥimyar.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- CIH 621 Ry 342; RES 2633; RES 5091. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
DAI GDN 2002-20
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha records the construction, dimensions, and completion of a structure at the Great Dam of Maʾrib.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- DAI GDN 2002-20 Sadd Maʾrib 4. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Gr 27
Late 3rd–early 4th century CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A building dedication records reconstruction after a fire attributed to Abyssinian forces.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Gr 27. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Ist 7608 bis
c. 530s CE · Ḍāf, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A Christian royal fragment names Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ, the rulers of Aksum, and Ella Aṣbeḥa. Its relationship to Wellcome A 103664 is uncertain.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Ist 7608 bis RES 3904. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Ja 547+Ja 546+Ja 544+Ja 545
558 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Tribal leaders commemorate work on the Maʾrib dam under Abraha. Four separately numbered portions form one inscription.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Ja 547+Ja 546+Ja 544+Ja 545 Sadd Maʾrib 6. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
Ja 1028
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A commander of Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar records the destruction of churches and conflict with Abyssinian forces.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Ja 1028. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.
- Romolo Loreto, discussion of Christian architecture and inscriptions, in A. V. Sedov (ed.), Arabia and Islam (2014), pp. 134–135.

Earlier, later & uncertain comparisons4

RIÉ 400
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 433
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53a.
RIÉ 403
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 434
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 67, no. 53d.
RIÉ 415
commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact published facsimile available in the reader.
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 441
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 65.
Gar antichità 9 d
509 CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A dated building inscription invokes Raḥmānān and King Marthadʾilān Yanuf; included as an Arabian chronological witness.
Original
Full surviving edited text; losses and uncertain letters retained.
English
English translation of the surviving text; credit and qualifications in the reader.
Image
Verified artifact image or labelled facsimile.
- Gar AY 9d. DASI / Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions; full text, translation, object record, and bibliography.
- George Hatke, “Aksum [and South Arabia]”, Ancient Arabia: archaeology & history of pre-islamic Arabia. Source inventory and historical context.