418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

243 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 1–24

RIÉ 290

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 290around the beginning of the Aksumite periodMatara

RIÉ 290 seal

This seal from Matara preserves surviving short text or mark.

z h (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

Robin-Umm Laylā 1

Robin-Umm Laylā 1c. 160–190 CEUmm Laylā, Yemen

Defences against the Abyssinians

A tribal agreement to strengthen defences and restore cisterns after Abyssinian forces reached the country.

𐩱𐩩𐩣 𐩥-𐩴𐩣 𐩦𐩲𐩨𐩬 𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬 𐩴—

SabaicRead text

RIÉ 180

RIÉ 180late 2nd–early 3rd century CEAddi Gelemo, Ethiopia

GDR’s inscribed bronze royal object

This complete seven-word Geʿez text on a curved bronze object gives GDR the short title ‘king of Aksum’ and is commonly treated as the earliest surviving indigenous royal inscription of the Aksumite period.

ገደረ ነገሠየ አከሰመ ተበዐለ መዘለተ ለአረገ ወለለመቀ

GeʿezRead text

CIH 308 · Vienna Sem 1 / Gl 1076

CIH 308Late 2nd–early 3rd century CEJabal Riyām, Yemen

GDRT’s alliance with Sabaʾ

A Sabaean dedication records an alliance with GDRT, king of Ḥabašat. Several ancient copies preserve this longer version.

𐩲(𐩡)𐩠𐩬 𐩬(𐩠𐩰𐩬) 𐩥-(𐩨)𐩬𐩺-(𐩠)𐩥 𐩦𐩲𐩧𐩣 𐩱𐩥𐩩𐩧 𐩣𐩡𐩫 (𐩪𐩨)[𐩱 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩺𐩧]—

SabaicRead text

CIH 308 bis · Gl 870+872

CIH 308 bisLate 2nd–early 3rd century CEJabal Riyām, Yemen

GDRT’s alliance: the shorter version

The shorter recension of the Riyām dedication, preserved in several copies. The photograph shows Gl 870+872.

[𐩲𐩡𐩠𐩬 𐩬𐩠𐩰𐩬 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩦𐩲𐩧𐩣 𐩱𐩥𐩩𐩧 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩨𐩬𐩺]

SabaicRead text

Gr 210

Gr 210Late 2nd–early 3rd century CEJabal Riyām, Yemen

GDRT’s alliance: a fragment from Riyām

A fragmentary statue base preserves a shorter version of CIH 308, including GDRT and the alliance.

[... ...]

SabaicRead text

RIÉ 223

RIÉ 2233rd century CEMatara, Eritrea

The Hawulti stela at Matara

A short memorial inscription states that ʾGZ commissioned the stela for his ancestors and that two named companions transported it.

ዘ ሀወለተ ዘአገበረ አገዘ ለአበወሀ ወሰሀበ መሀዘተ ወአወአለፈ ወጸበለ

GeʿezRead text

Ir 12

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ir 12Early 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Garrison service against the Abyssinians

Wfym ʾḏrḥ dedicates a bronze statue and bull after defending Ḥashid during the reign of Shaʿirum Awtar.

𐩥𐩰𐩺𐩣 𐩱𐩹𐩧𐩢 𐩨𐩬 [... ...] 𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠 𐩻𐩠𐩥𐩬 𐩨𐩲𐩡 𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩮𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩻𐩥𐩧𐩬 𐩹-𐩹𐩠𐩨𐩬 𐩺𐩥𐩣 𐩠𐩥𐩮𐩩-𐩠𐩥 𐩣𐩧𐩱-𐩠𐩥 𐩦𐩲𐩧𐩣 𐩱𐩥𐩩𐩧 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩡-𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩥-𐩤𐩧𐩬 𐩨-𐩱𐩥𐩻𐩬 𐩦𐩲𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩦𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩳𐩧 𐩳𐩧𐩧𐩥 𐩱𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩬 𐩥-𐩹-𐩫𐩥𐩬 𐩫𐩥𐩬-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩨𐩬 𐩪𐩥𐩠𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬

SabaicRead text

Ja 631

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ja 631Early 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

An embassy to GDRT

Qṭbn ʾwkn records an embassy to GDRT, king of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites, followed by campaigns involving the prince BYGT.

𐩤𐩷𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩥𐩫𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩴𐩧𐩩 𐩱𐩤𐩥𐩡 𐩦𐩲[𐩨𐩬 𐩪𐩣𐩠𐩧𐩣 𐩺𐩠𐩥𐩡𐩵 𐩠𐩤𐩬]—

SabaicRead text

Ja 635

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ja 635Early 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Campaigns under Shaʿirum Awtar

A dedication from the Awwām temple recounts military service, including operations involving Abyssinian forces.

[𐩱𐩨𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩱](𐩢)𐩧𐩪 𐩨𐩬 𐩲𐩨𐩡𐩣 |

SabaicRead text

Ry 533

Ry 533Early 3rd century CERayda, Yemen

Sea campaigns and Abyssinian forces

Commanders serving Shaʿirum Awtar recount campaigns by land and sea in a dedication to their solar deity.

[... ...]

SabaicRead text

FB-Maḥram Bilqīs 2

FB-Maḥram Bilqīs 2First half of the 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

The campaign of Wafī Adhraḥ

An Awwām dedication recounts conflict with Abyssinian forces in Sihām and Wādī Ḥaraḍ under Laḥayʿathat Yarkham.

𐩥𐩰𐩺𐩣 𐩱𐩹𐩧𐩢 𐩨𐩬 𐩫𐩨𐩪𐩺𐩣 𐩥-𐩰𐩥𐩡𐩣

SabaicRead text

RIÉ 275

The cited edition contains a plate of this inscription; no image is available here.

RIÉ 275Aksumite period; absolute chronology disputedDaqqi Maḥari, Eritrea

Sembrouthes’ year-24 Greek dedication

A Greek royal dedication names Sembrouthes as great king of the Aksumites and dates the act to his twenty-fourth regnal year.

Βασιλεὺς ἐκ βασι- λέων Ἀξωμει- τῶν μέγας Σεμβρούθης ἐλθὼν καθεί- δρυσε, ἔτους κδ Σεμβρούθου μεγάλου [space] βασιλέως

Ancient GreekRead text

CIH 314+954

CIH 314+9543rd century CEal-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen

Peace sought by Ḥimyar and Ḥabašat

Two Sabaean officers dedicate bronze statues and record an embassy from Shammar dhū-Raydān and the tribes of Ḥabašat.

(𐩧𐩨𐩦)[𐩣𐩪](𐩣)( )(𐩺𐩸𐩵) [𐩨𐩬 𐩪𐩱𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩺𐩡](𐩣) [𐩥]-(𐩣)[𐩥𐩳𐩲𐩣 𐩥]-

SabaicRead text

CIH 350

CIH 3503rd century CEUnknown, Unknown

A soldier’s dedication to Taʾlab

A damaged dedication recounts campaigns against several opponents, including Ḥabašat.

[... ...]

SabaicRead text

Ir 19

Ir 193rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Campaigns in Sahratān

Two qayls dedicate bronze statues after campaigns of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin against Ḥabašat and their allies.

[𐩫𐩧𐩨𐩲𐩻𐩩 𐩺𐩵𐩰𐩻 𐩥-𐩪𐩲𐩵𐩲𐩻𐩩]𐩧 𐩺𐩪𐩫𐩧 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩴𐩧𐩩 𐩥-

SabaicRead text

Published facsimile of Ir 69, reproduced in its DASI record.

Ir 69 · facsimile

Ir 693rd century CEal-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen

Oracles, diplomacy, and war

A Barʾān dedication combines favourable oracles, diplomacy with Ḥimyar, and campaigns against Abyssinian forces.

𐩥𐩠𐩨𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩺𐩱𐩹𐩰 𐩹-𐩴𐩵𐩬𐩣 𐩥-𐩭𐩹𐩥𐩩 𐩥-

SabaicRead text

Ja 574

Ja 5743rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub’s coastal campaign

Two Sabaean kings dedicate silver statues after fighting Abyssinian forces and their allies in the western lowlands.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧(𐩢) 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 [𐩥-](𐩱𐩭𐩺)-(𐩠)[𐩥 𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-](𐩹)-(𐩧𐩺𐩵)𐩬 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩰𐩧𐩲𐩣 𐩺—

SabaicRead text

Ja 575

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ja 5753rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Pursuit of Abyssinian forces

A fragmentary royal dedication recounts a campaign from Ṣanʿāʾ into Sahratān and the coastal country.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩥-𐩱𐩭𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩰𐩧𐩲𐩣 𐩺𐩬𐩠𐩨 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱( 𐩠)[𐩤𐩬𐩺𐩺 ... ... 𐩨]—

SabaicRead text

Ja 576+577

Ja 576+5773rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

A royal campaign record

A long dedication of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin recounts wars, hostages, and conflict involving Abyssinian forces.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩥-𐩱(𐩭𐩺)-(𐩠𐩥)[ 𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 ]𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩰𐩧𐩲𐩣 𐩺𐩬𐩠𐩨 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 [𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺𐩺 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠-𐩻𐩠𐩥𐩬-𐩨𐩲𐩡-𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩩𐩪]𐩲𐩩𐩬(([𐩪𐩨]𐩲𐩩𐩬)) 𐩱𐩮𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩱𐩡𐩺 𐩮𐩧𐩰𐩬 𐩢𐩣𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩹𐩩 𐩠𐩥𐩦𐩲 𐩥-𐩠𐩧𐩵𐩱𐩬 𐩲𐩨𐩵-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩨-𐩦𐩫𐩧 𐩫𐩡 𐩱𐩭𐩣𐩪 𐩥-𐩱𐩦𐩲𐩨 𐩩𐩬𐩦𐩱𐩥 𐩨-𐩲𐩡𐩺-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩳𐩧𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩦𐩲𐩨 𐩦𐩱𐩣𐩩 𐩥-𐩺𐩣𐩬𐩩 𐩥-𐩨[𐩢]—

SabaicRead text

Ja 585

Ja 5853rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

The return of an imprisoned envoy

Two brothers thank ʾAlmaqah for their father’s return after an embassy to the Abyssinians and imprisonment at S³wm.

𐩺𐩮𐩨𐩢 𐩱𐩦𐩥𐩲 𐩥-𐩱𐩭𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩲𐩧𐩨𐩣 𐩨𐩬𐩥 𐩹-𐩲𐩨𐩡𐩣 𐩥-𐩠𐩲(𐩡𐩡)( )[𐩠𐩤𐩬]—

SabaicRead text

al-Ḥasanī 2017

al-Ḥasanī 2017Middle Sabaic period; absolute date uncertainJabal Ḏaẖār, Yemen

Rebuilding Ṣyrtān after an Abyssinian attack

A damaged building inscription records repairs to a city, houses, towers, and a burial place after an attack by an Abyssinian army. The surviving year-number is 98 or 198; its absolute date is not established here.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩱𐩮𐩵𐩤 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧 𐩥-𐩱(𐩡)𐩲[... ...]

SabaicRead text

Ir 20

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ir 203rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

A western expedition

Hʿn dedicates a bronze statue after a campaign against Abyssinian forces under Nashʾakarib Yuʾmin Yuharḥib.

𐩠𐩲𐩬 [... ...] 𐩣𐩤𐩩𐩥𐩺 𐩬𐩦𐩱𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩺𐩱𐩣𐩬 𐩺𐩠𐩧𐩢𐩨 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩥-𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠-𐩨𐩲𐩡-𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩮𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩹-𐩹𐩠𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩣𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩹𐩩 𐩠𐩥𐩰𐩺 𐩲𐩨𐩵-𐩠𐩥 𐩠𐩲𐩬 𐩨-𐩫𐩡 𐩱𐩣𐩡𐩱 𐩪𐩩𐩣𐩡𐩱 𐩨-𐩲𐩣-𐩠𐩥 𐩨-𐩫𐩬 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩣𐩲𐩧𐩨𐩬 𐩨-𐩤𐩠𐩩 𐩣𐩧𐩱-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩥-𐩱𐩩𐩥𐩥 𐩨-𐩱𐩢𐩡𐩡𐩣 𐩥-𐩪𐩨𐩺𐩣 𐩥-𐩶𐩬𐩣𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩬 𐩹-𐩲𐩵𐩥𐩥 𐩨-𐩲𐩣 𐩧𐩪𐩣 𐩥-𐩹-𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩪𐩠𐩧𐩬

SabaicRead text

MAFRAY-al-Miʿsāl 2

MAFRAY-al-Miʿsāl 2253 CEal-Miʿsāl, Yemen

Lḥyʿat Awkān’s campaign record

A military commemoration in the temple of the solar deity ʿAlyat, dated in the Ḥimyarite era.

𐩡𐩢𐩺𐩲𐩩 𐩱𐩥𐩫𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩺𐩲𐩸𐩸 𐩥-𐩨𐩬 𐩣𐩲𐩠𐩧 𐩥-𐩹-𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩼𐩺𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩫𐩡𐩲𐩬 𐩥-𐩹-𐩨𐩩𐩲𐩬 𐩥-𐩧𐩺𐩣𐩬 𐩤𐩺𐩡 𐩦𐩲𐩨𐩬 𐩧𐩵𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩧𐩴 𐩦—

SabaicRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

61–120 of 296 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Aksumite corpus & Arabian witnesses60

RIÉ 237
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 237, pp. 335.
RIÉ 238
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 238, pp. 336.
RIÉ 239
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 239, pp. 336–340.
RIÉ 240
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 240, pp. 340–341.
RIÉ 241
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 241, pp. 341–343.
RIÉ 242
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 242, pp. 343–344.
RIÉ 243
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 243, pp. 344–345.
RIÉ 244
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 244, pp. 345.
RIÉ 245
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 245, pp. 345–346.
RIÉ 246
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 246, pp. 346.
RIÉ 247
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 247, pp. 347.
RIÉ 248
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 248, pp. 347–349.
RIÉ 249
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daqanāmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 249, pp. 349.
RIÉ 250
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Saro · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 250, pp. 349–350.
RIÉ 251
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Saro · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 251, pp. 351.
RIÉ 252
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Daʿru · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 252, pp. 351.
RIÉ 253
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 41, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 253, pp. 351.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 65, no. 41.
RIÉ 254
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 63, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 254, pp. 351–353.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 69, no. 63.
RIÉ 255
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 68, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 255, pp. 353.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 70, no. 68.
RIÉ 256
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 85, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 256, pp. 353–354.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 85.
RIÉ 257
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 86, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 257, pp. 354.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 72, no. 86.
RIÉ 258
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 89, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 258, pp. 355.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 73, no. 89.
RIÉ 259
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 96, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 259, pp. 355.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 74, no. 96.
RIÉ 260
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Alawti · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 100, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 260, pp. 356.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 75, no. 100.
RIÉ 261
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾƎnzǝlāl · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 261, pp. 356.
RIÉ 262
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Cullite · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 262, pp. 356.
RIÉ 263
sixth century CE · Ẓafār, Yemen · Geʿez
sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 350-351; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 350—351; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 175; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 357—358
- Walter W. Müller, ‘Äthiopische Inschriftenfragmente aus der himjarischen Hauptstadt Ẓafār’, Aethiopica 15 (2012), pp. 7–21.
RIÉ 264
sixth century CE · Ẓafār, Yemen · Geʿez
sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 351; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 358—359
- Walter W. Müller, ‘Äthiopische Inschriftenfragmente aus der himjarischen Hauptstadt Ẓafār’, Aethiopica 15 (2012), pp. 7–21.
RIÉ 265
sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia · Acquired in Aden by D.H. Müller and sent to Wien, provenance unknown. · Geʿez
sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 265, pp. 359–360.
RIÉ 266
sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia · Provenance unknown. · Geʿez
sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 266, pp. 360.
RIÉ 267
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Meroë · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 267, pp. 360–361.
RIÉ 268
mid-fourth century CE · Site 24 B in Winkler rock Drawings from Southern Upper Egypt, vol. I 1938. in the Wadi Menih on the road to Berenice. · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 268, pp. 361–363.
RIÉ 269
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 362-363; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 362—363; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 178; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 3—4
RIÉ 271 and 190
fourth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Ancient Greek
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 286-271, page 370-372; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 268—271, page 370—372; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 124—128, plate 181; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 15—21; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 242—248
RIÉ 272
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 372-373; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 372—373; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 21—22
RIÉ 273
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 373; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 22
RIÉ 274
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 374; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 22
RIÉ 275
Aksumite period; absolute chronology disputed · Daqqi Maḥari, Eritrea · Ancient Greek
Aksumite; year 24 of King Sembrouthes, absolute chronology debated
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 374; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 374—375; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 182; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 23—25
RIÉ 277
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Monumentum Adulitanum; before c. 210 CE, precise authorship/date debated
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 20-24, page 378—382; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 32—45; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 378—382
RIÉ 278
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 382; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 45
RIÉ 279
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 383; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 46
RIÉ 280
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 383; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 46
RIÉ 281
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 383; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 46
RIÉ 282
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 384; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 46
RIÉ 283
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 384; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 46
RIÉ 284
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 384; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 46
RIÉ 285
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 384; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 46
RIÉ 286
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Meroë · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 384; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 385—386; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 47—51
RIÉ 286 A
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Meroë · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 384; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 387; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 51—52
RIÉ 287
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Provenance not resolved · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 392; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 392—393; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 183
RIÉ 288
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Aksum · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 369
RIÉ 290
around the beginning of the Aksumite period · Matara · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
around the beginning of the Aksumite period
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 370
RIÉ 291
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Adulis · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 371
RIÉ 293
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Hawelti · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 376
RIÉ 294
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Hawelti · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 376
RIÉ 295
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 377
RIÉ 296
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 377
RIÉ 297
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 378
RIÉ 298
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 379
RIÉ 299
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- Abraham J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), printed p. 379

Catalogue

RIÉ 237

RIÉ 239

RIÉ 251

RIÉ 261

RIÉ 269

RIÉ 272

RIÉ 273

RIÉ 274

RIÉ 277

RIÉ 278

RIÉ 279

RIÉ 280

RIÉ 281

RIÉ 282

RIÉ 283

RIÉ 284

RIÉ 285

RIÉ 286

RIÉ 286 A

RIÉ 287

RIÉ 295