418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

418 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 217–240

Facsimile of RIÉ 198, published as DAE 17.

RIÉ 198 · DAE 17 · Facsimile

RIÉ 198Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 198 bassin

This bassin from ʾAksum preserves complete published translation of three inscription units.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Artifact drawing of RIÉ 199, published as DAE 18.

RIÉ 199 · DAE 18 · Artifact drawing

RIÉ 199Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 199 bassin

This bassin from ʾAksum preserves complete published translation.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Photograph of RIÉ 200, published as DAE 15.

RIÉ 200 · DAE 15 · Photograph

RIÉ 200Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 200 block

This block from ʾAksum preserves complete published translation.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 201, published as DAE 16.

RIÉ 201 · DAE 16 · Facsimile

RIÉ 201Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 201 stone inscription

This pierre from ʾAksum preserves complete published translation.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 203, published as DAE 20.

RIÉ 203 · DAE 20 · Facsimile

RIÉ 203Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 203 stone inscription

This pierre from ʾAksum preserves complete tentative ownership or maker’s formula. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-Walbanā / z-Walobanā (?)

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 204, published as DAE 21.

RIÉ 204 · DAE 21 · Facsimile

RIÉ 204Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 204 stone inscription

This pierre from ʾAksum preserves partial published translation of a broken two-line text. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 205, published as DAE 22.

RIÉ 205 · DAE 22 · Facsimile

RIÉ 205Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 205 stone inscription

This plaque from ʾAksum preserves complete published translation of two lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 206

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 206Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 206 fragment

This fragment from ʾAksum preserves alternative interpretations of a two-line fragment. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

ʾana […] / gb[…]

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 208

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 208Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 208 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAksum preserves single mason’s mark.

s-shaped mark

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 209, published as DAE 25 A.

RIÉ 209 · DAE 25 A · Facsimile

RIÉ 209Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 209 mur

This mur from ʾAksum preserves possible inscription fragment or mason’s mark. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

w / ḥ / r (?)

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 210, published as DAE 25 B.

RIÉ 210 · DAE 25 B · Facsimile

RIÉ 210Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

Inscribed mark from ʾAksum

Drewes rejects the proposed South Arabian reading and identifies the signs as probable mason’s marks.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 211, published as DAE 25 C.

RIÉ 211 · DAE 25 C · Facsimile

RIÉ 211Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 211 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAksum preserves single mason’s mark.

ʿ-shaped mark

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 212

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 212Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 212 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAksum preserves selected interpreted marks from a composite catalogue of sixty-four inscribed building stones. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

Stone 28: z-MʿR Stone 38: z-[personal name?] Stone 49: ŚRB Stone 54: z-[…]

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 213

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 213Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMeʾelan Debbas

RIÉ 213 building-stone marks

This bloc from Meʾelan Debbas preserves complete three-line text with one conjectural noun.

z-qśw z-[m]qbr z-HMN

GeʿezRead text

Facsimile of RIÉ 214, published as DAE 23.

RIÉ 214 · DAE 23 · Facsimile

RIÉ 214Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAbba Liqanos

RIÉ 214 stone inscription

This pierre from Abba Liqanos preserves tentative interpretation of a two-line fragment. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

ʾana [name lost] / gb[rku] (?)

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 215

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 215Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAbba Mäṭaʿ

RIÉ 215 basin

This basin from Abba Mäṭaʿ preserves complete short text with alternative grammatical analyses. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-lwd

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 217

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 217Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās

RIÉ 217 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās preserves complete published translation.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 218

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 218Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAnza

RIÉ 218 stele

This stele from ʿAnza preserves complete published translation of eight lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 219

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 219Aksumite corpus; date uncertainNāzret Māryām

RIÉ 219 basin

This basin from Nāzret Māryām preserves complete published translation across four faces, with a lost sculptor’s name.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 221

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 221Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMay Mbio

RIÉ 221 roc

This roc from May Mbio preserves complete short graffito with alternative readings. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-lbby / z-lbbʿ

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 222

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 222Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDǝḵana

RIÉ 222 building-stone marks

This bloc from Dǝḵana preserves complete published translation of two lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 224

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 224Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 224 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves ownership or workman’s formula.

zwd

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 225

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 225Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 225 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves line 1 only.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

RIÉ 226

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 226Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 226 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves published interpretation of the single word.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

GeʿezRead text

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

121–180 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

DʿMT & early highlands60

RIÉ 115
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Ruba Kodo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Two names with one alternative reading. The first reading is insecure; DMLY is clear but its etymology is unknown.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 115: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 115, pp. 121–122.
RIÉ 116
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. It may be local; its root and exact form are uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 116: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 116, p. 122.
RIÉ 117
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name and lexical relation. The final n may be South Arabian nunation; the name may nevertheless be local.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 117: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 117, pp. 122–123.
RIÉ 118
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name occurs in RIÉ 117.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 118: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 118, p. 123.
RIÉ 119
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. Both names are probably local; their precise verbal derivations remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 119: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 119, pp. 123–124.
RIÉ 120
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 120: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 120, p. 124.
RIÉ 121
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation with uncertain principal name. The reading BQLNYʾ is not entirely certain; the father’s name is well attested.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 121: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 121, p. 124.
RIÉ 122
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 122: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 122, p. 125.
RIÉ 123
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is well attested in South Arabia.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 123: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 123, p. 125.
RIÉ 124
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The father’s name is local and of uncertain etymology.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 124: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 124, p. 125.
RIÉ 125
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is discussed under RIÉ 90.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 125: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 125, p. 126.
RIÉ 126
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is discussed under RIÉ 90.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 126: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 126, p. 126.
RIÉ 127
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The etymology is uncertain; the same name occurs in RIÉ 95, 124, and 128.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 127: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 127, p. 126.
RIÉ 128
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation with restored patronymic. The father’s name is restored from RIÉ 95.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 128: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 128, pp. 126–127.
RIÉ 129
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of a fragmentary text. The first name’s completion is uncertain and the remaining names are too fragmentary for etymological interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 129: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 129, pp. 127–128.
RIÉ 130
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The same text occurs in RIÉ 89.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 130: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 130, p. 128.
RIÉ 131
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted fragment. The text is too fragmentary to interpret.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 131: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 131, p. 128.
RIÉ 132
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Problematic graffito with possible personal names. The proposed reading GFN is possible, but a following bn was not identified and the remaining readings are insecure.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 132: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 132, p. 129.
RIÉ 133
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Conditional interpretation of line 1. The reading depends on treating the initial aleph as a symbol; line 2 is uninterpreted.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 133: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 133, p. 129.
RIÉ 134
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Single recognizable word. Only the kinship term bn is recognized.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 134: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 134, p. 129.
RIÉ 135
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Zeban Mororo · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. ʿWB is identified as a local divinity.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 135: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 135, p. 130.
RIÉ 136
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The cited Arabic derivations, ‘bind’ or ‘gift,’ are proposals rather than a settled gloss.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 136: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 136, p. 130.
RIÉ 137
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Alternative readings of a personal name. Both the reading and etymology are uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 137: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 137, pp. 130–131.
RIÉ 138
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible personal-name fragment. The edition compares YLM elsewhere, but the surviving reading here is incomplete.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 138: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 138, p. 131.
RIÉ 139
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved but not fully certain personal name. The name is probably South Arabian in origin, but the reading and etymology are not fully certain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 139: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 139, p. 131.
RIÉ 140
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The same name appears in the preceding entry.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 140: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 140, p. 132.
RIÉ 141
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. SFḤN is probably a local personal name despite its South Arabian ending.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 141: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 141, p. 132.
RIÉ 142
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Unidentifiable personal-name fragment. A personal name probably followed the symbol, but too few letters remain to identify it.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 142: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 142, pp. 132–133.
RIÉ 143
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. Both names may be local. Several verbal glosses are discussed for MRḤK, including ‘he protected you’ and ‘he guided you,’ but none is certain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 143: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 143, pp. 133–134.
RIÉ 144
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of Text I. GRWHTN is considered a local name of uncertain etymology; Text II is too fragmentary to identify its name.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 144: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 144, p. 134.
RIÉ 145
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. Several South Arabian and Ethiopian lexical comparisons are discussed without a definitive gloss.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 145: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 145, p. 135.
RIÉ 146
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. ḤBS is considered South Arabian in origin; WHBM also occurs in RIÉ 135.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 146: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 146, p. 135.
RIÉ 147
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name is also attested in South Arabia.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 147: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 147, p. 136.
RIÉ 148
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Unidentifiable personal name. The name is too damaged to identify.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 148: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 148, p. 136.
RIÉ 149
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Recognizable remains of a formula. Only remnants of the formula are preserved.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 149: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 149, p. 136.
RIÉ 150
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name. The name probably derives from the same root as ḤQN in RIÉ 107.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 150: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 150, pp. 136–137.
RIÉ 151
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uncertain graffito. Both reading and interpretation are uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 151: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 151, p. 137.
RIÉ 152
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The reading of YWḎRʿ is explicitly conditional; both personal names have uncertain etymologies.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 152: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 152, p. 137.
RIÉ 153
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Apparently complete divine-name phrase. The text appears to contain only these divine names, perhaps preceded by a symbol.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 153: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 153, pp. 137–138.
RIÉ 154
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Surviving phrase. YŠG is considered a local personal name of unknown etymology.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 154: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 154, p. 138.
RIÉ 155
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Gobo Fentseh · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Apparently complete divine-name phrase. A separator precedes ḤBS, perhaps with a symbol before it.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 155: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 155, p. 138.
RIÉ 156
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. YNŠ is a local personal name; the understood subject of the second clause is the goddess DṮ ḤMN.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 156: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 156, pp. 138–139.
RIÉ 157
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. The connotation is unclear; the commentary compares a traditional oath formula.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 157: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 157, p. 139.
RIÉ 158
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. GBLM is probably a local personal name.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 158: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 158, pp. 139–140.
RIÉ 159
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation. LNʾ is a local personal name; the verbal subject is understood as DṮ ḤMN, and final -m adds emphasis.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 159: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 159, p. 140.
RIÉ 160
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name and tentative gloss. The name may be South Arabian or local; identification with a passive participle meaning ‘desired’ is one proposal.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 160: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 160, pp. 140–141.
RIÉ 161
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted engravings. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 161: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 161, p. 141.
RIÉ 162
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible but unreadable personal names. Names probably follow the symbols on both lines, but neither their exact forms nor their etymologies are clear.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 162: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 162, pp. 141–142.
RIÉ 163
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Published translation of a preserved formula. The author’s name may be omitted or lost beyond the photographed edge.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 163: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 163, p. 142.
RIÉ 164
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable names in the final two lines. The first two lines are incomprehensible and the etymologies of both proposed names remain uncertain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 164: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 164, pp. 142–143.
RIÉ 165
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Fragmentary South Arabian alphabet. The edition gives a revised sequence of letters rather than a semantic text; several signs remain disputed, so no reader-facing transliteration or translation is supplied here.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 165: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 165, pp. 143–144.
RIÉ 166
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 166: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 166, p. 144.
RIÉ 167
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable name and recognizable formula. The etymology of GGT is uncertain; line 2 preserves only part of the formula.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 167: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 167, pp. 144–145.
RIÉ 168
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Beginning of a possible formula. A secure reading is impossible because the published retouching is faulty. DṮ ḤMN is only a possible restoration.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 168: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 168, p. 145.
RIÉ 169
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Possible personal name in line 2. Line 1 is part of an alphabet; the smaller letters in line 2 may form a local name with a South Arabian ending.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 169: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 169, p. 145.
RIÉ 170
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Problematic graffito. The reading and interpretation are problematic; Ricci’s tentative first-word reading tlhg is not adopted as secure text.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 170: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 170, p. 146.
RIÉ 171
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted text. The edition offers no interpretation of either line.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 171: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 171, p. 146.
RIÉ 172
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Preserved personal name and tentative verbal gloss. The name is related to the Ethiopian Semitic root meaning ‘help’; the exact verbal force is not certain.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 172: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 172, p. 146.
RIÉ 173
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Uninterpreted letters. The edition offers no interpretation.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved.
English
The published commentary offers no secure translation.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 173: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 173, p. 147.
RIÉ 174
Pre-Aksumite period; precise date uncertain · Addi Qayyih area · Early highland inscription; Old South Arabian alphabet
Probable personal name. A South Arabian parallel BʿLM is cited.
Original
Full native-script edition not retrieved. A partial transliterated reading is available.
English
English rendering of the published translation or lexical commentary.
Image
No verified artifact image retrieved for this entry.
- Beta maṣāḥǝft, RIÉ 174: object record and edition references.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 174, p. 147.

Catalogue

RIÉ 120

RIÉ 122

RIÉ 131

RIÉ 132

RIÉ 142

RIÉ 148

RIÉ 151

RIÉ 161

RIÉ 162

RIÉ 165

RIÉ 166

RIÉ 170

RIÉ 171

RIÉ 173