418 inscriptions
DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.
243 inscriptions in chronological order
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 262Aksumite corpus; date uncertainCullite
This pierre from Cullite preserves published translation of the surviving beginning.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 265sixth-century Aksumite presence in South ArabiaAcquired in Aden by D.H. Müller and sent to Wien, provenance unknown.
This une lampe fait d'un fragment de plaque inscrite from Acquired in Aden by D.H. Müller and sent to Wien, provenance unknown. preserves surviving fragment, line by line. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 266sixth-century Aksumite presence in South ArabiaProvenance unknown.
This dalle from Provenance unknown. preserves recognizable words only.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 267Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMeroë
This dalles contiguës from Meroë preserves recognizable phrase only.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 288Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAksum
This seal from Aksum preserves surviving short text or mark.
ḤFDM / WQHʾL
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 291Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAdulis
This seal from Adulis preserves surviving short text or mark.
Ratnadāma / Ratradūmi (?)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 293Aksumite corpus; date uncertainHawelti
This small bronze object from Hawelti preserves surviving short text or mark.
hyw / hywt (four times)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 294Aksumite corpus; date uncertainHawelti
This small bronze object from Hawelti preserves surviving short text or mark.
qm (twice)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 296Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
srʿ / ʿrs / ʿsr / ʿsm (?)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 297Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
hyw / hywt (twice)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 298Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
r(b)n (?)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 299Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
ʿdd (understood as ʿzz)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 300Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
mts
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 301Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
hyw (twice)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 302Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
ḥnʾt (alternative tʾnh)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 303Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
WʿRN HYWT
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 304Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
hr (twice?) / srfh (?)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 305Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
hyw / hywt
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 306Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
nr (twice)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 307Aksumite corpus; date uncertainYeha
This small bronze object from Yeha preserves surviving short text or mark.
n(b)n (?)
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 308Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMatara
This small bronze object from Matara preserves surviving short text or mark.
qm
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 311Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAksum
This inscribed pottery or graffito on pottery from Aksum preserves surviving text, after the published french translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 313Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAratu
This inscribed pottery or graffito on pottery from Aratu preserves surviving clause, after the published french translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 315Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMatara
This inscribed pottery or graffito on pottery from Matara preserves possible word on the right-hand fragment. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.
ʾana (?)
Source register
RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.
241–296 of 296 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
after 525 CE · Ẓafār, Yemen · Geʿez
after the Aksumite conquest of Himyar beginning in 525 CE
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha’s long royal inscription records a revolt, dam repairs, a church dedication, and embassies from neighbouring powers.
530 CE · Biʾr ʿAlī, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ and his sons record repairs to a fortress after returning from Ḥabašat and an Abyssinian invasion of Ḥimyar.
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha records the construction, dimensions, and completion of a structure at the Great Dam of Maʾrib.
Late 3rd–early 4th century CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A building dedication records reconstruction after a fire attributed to Abyssinian forces.
c. 530s CE · Ḍāf, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A Christian royal fragment names Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ, the rulers of Aksum, and Ella Aṣbeḥa. Its relationship to Wellcome A 103664 is uncertain.
558 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Tribal leaders commemorate work on the Maʾrib dam under Abraha. Four separately numbered portions form one inscription.
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A commander of Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar records the destruction of churches and conflict with Abyssinian forces.
552 CE · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
Abraha records a campaign against Maʿadd, military detachments, submission, and hostages.
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A damaged campaign text recounts attacks at Ẓafār and Makhāwān and operations toward Najrān.
523 CE · ʿān-Halkān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A Ḥimyarite commander’s account of attacks on Abyssinians and churches, and preparations at Mandab and Najrān.
6th century CE; probably c. 552 · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
The qayl Mns¹ dhū-Dharnḥ records accompanying King Abraha on a campaign against Maʿadd.
6th century CE · Unknown, Unknown · Late Sabaic
A fragmentary Christian inscription mentions Aksum and Abyssinian forces at Ṣanʿāʾ; it may belong to the same text as Ist 7608 bis.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
A Sabaean dedication records an alliance with GDRT, king of Ḥabašat. Several ancient copies preserve this longer version.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
The shorter recension of the Riyām dedication, preserved in several copies. The photograph shows Gl 870+872.
3rd century CE · al-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two Sabaean officers dedicate bronze statues and record an embassy from Shammar dhū-Raydān and the tribes of Ḥabašat.
3rd century CE · Unknown, Unknown · Sabaic
A damaged dedication recounts campaigns against several opponents, including Ḥabašat.
Early 3rd century CE · Rayda, Yemen · Sabaic
Commanders serving Shaʿirum Awtar recount campaigns by land and sea in a dedication to their solar deity.
253 CE · al-Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
A military commemoration in the temple of the solar deity ʿAlyat, dated in the Ḥimyarite era.
272 CE · al-Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
A long temple text recounts military service under successive Ḥimyarite kings and campaigns involving Abyssinian forces.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Wfym ʾḏrḥ dedicates a bronze statue and bull after defending Ḥashid during the reign of Shaʿirum Awtar.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two qayls dedicate bronze statues after campaigns of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin against Ḥabašat and their allies.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Hʿn dedicates a bronze statue after a campaign against Abyssinian forces under Nashʾakarib Yuʾmin Yuharḥib.
c. 312–316 CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A Sabaean envoy records travel to the land of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites and his return with Abyssinian envoys.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two Sabaean kings dedicate silver statues after fighting Abyssinian forces and their allies in the western lowlands.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A fragmentary royal dedication recounts a campaign from Ṣanʿāʾ into Sahratān and the coastal country.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Qṭbn ʾwkn records an embassy to GDRT, king of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites, followed by campaigns involving the prince BYGT.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A dedication from the Awwām temple recounts military service, including operations involving Abyssinian forces.
c. 160–190 CE · Umm Laylā, Yemen · Sabaic
A tribal agreement to strengthen defences and restore cisterns after Abyssinian forces reached the country.
3rd century CE · al-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A Barʾān dedication combines favourable oracles, diplomacy with Ḥimyar, and campaigns against Abyssinian forces.
First half of the 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
An Awwām dedication recounts conflict with Abyssinian forces in Sihām and Wādī Ḥaraḍ under Laḥayʿathat Yarkham.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two brothers thank ʾAlmaqah for their father’s return after an embassy to the Abyssinians and imprisonment at S³wm.
c. 552 CE · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A royal rock inscription records Abraha’s authority over Maʿadd and other Arabian communities.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A long dedication of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin recounts wars, hostages, and conflict involving Abyssinian forces.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
A fragmentary statue base preserves a shorter version of CIH 308, including GDRT and the alliance.
Middle Sabaic period; absolute date uncertain · Jabal Ḏaẖār, Yemen · Sabaic
A damaged building inscription records repairs to a city, houses, towers, and a burial place after an attack by an Abyssinian army. The surviving year-number is 98 or 198; its absolute date is not established here.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · South Arabia · Sabaic
Alliance witness cited in the scholarly inventory; exact edition identified.
3rd century CE · Jabal Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
Rock inscription cited for campaigns against Abyssinians; lines 8–9 are discussed in the corpus.
