418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

Deutsche Aksum-Expedition photograph of the 52-line RIÉ 189 Ethiopic inscription recording Ezana’s Noba campaign.
RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

418 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 217240
RIÉ 206

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 206Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 206 fragment

This fragment from ʾAksum preserves alternative interpretations of a two-line fragment. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

ʾana […] / gb[…]

RIÉ 208

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 208Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 208 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAksum preserves single mason’s mark.

s-shaped mark

RIÉ 212

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 212Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 212 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAksum preserves selected interpreted marks from a composite catalogue of sixty-four inscribed building stones. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

Stone 28: z-MʿR Stone 38: z-[personal name?] Stone 49: ŚRB Stone 54: z-[…]

RIÉ 213

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 213Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMeʾelan Debbas

RIÉ 213 building-stone marks

This bloc from Meʾelan Debbas preserves complete three-line text with one conjectural noun.

z-qśw z-[m]qbr z-HMN

RIÉ 215

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 215Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAbba Mäṭaʿ

RIÉ 215 basin

This basin from Abba Mäṭaʿ preserves complete short text with alternative grammatical analyses. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-lwd

RIÉ 217

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 217Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās

RIÉ 217 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās preserves complete published translation.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 218

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 218Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAnza

RIÉ 218 stele

This stele from ʿAnza preserves complete published translation of eight lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 219

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 219Aksumite corpus; date uncertainNāzret Māryām

RIÉ 219 basin

This basin from Nāzret Māryām preserves complete published translation across four faces, with a lost sculptor’s name.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 221

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 221Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMay Mbio

RIÉ 221 roc

This roc from May Mbio preserves complete short graffito with alternative readings. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-lbby / z-lbbʿ

RIÉ 222

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 222Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDǝḵana

RIÉ 222 building-stone marks

This bloc from Dǝḵana preserves complete published translation of two lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 224

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 224Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 224 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves ownership or workman’s formula.

zwd

RIÉ 225

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 225Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 225 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves line 1 only.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 226

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 226Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 226 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves published interpretation of the single word.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Source register

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

301–360 of 512 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Aksumite corpus & Arabian witnesses56
  1. RIÉ 275

    Aksumite period; absolute chronology disputed · Daqqi Maḥari, Eritrea · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite; year 24 of King Sembrouthes, absolute chronology debated

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    English translation available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  2. RIÉ 277

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Monumentum Adulitanum; before c. 210 CE, precise authorship/date debated

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  3. RIÉ 278

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  4. RIÉ 279

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  5. RIÉ 280

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  6. RIÉ 281

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  7. RIÉ 282

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  8. RIÉ 283

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  9. RIÉ 284

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  10. RIÉ 285

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  11. RIÉ 286

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Meroë · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  12. RIÉ 286 A

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Meroë · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  13. RIÉ 287

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Provenance not resolved · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  14. RIÉ 288

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Aksum · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  15. RIÉ 290

    around the beginning of the Aksumite period · Matara · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    around the beginning of the Aksumite period

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  16. RIÉ 291

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Adulis · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  17. RIÉ 293

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Hawelti · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  18. RIÉ 294

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Hawelti · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  19. RIÉ 295

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  20. RIÉ 296

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  21. RIÉ 297

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  22. RIÉ 298

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  23. RIÉ 299

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  24. RIÉ 300

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  25. RIÉ 301

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  26. RIÉ 302

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  27. RIÉ 303

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  28. RIÉ 304

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  29. RIÉ 305

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  30. RIÉ 306

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  31. RIÉ 307

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  32. RIÉ 308

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  33. RIÉ 309

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Adulis · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  34. RIÉ 310

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Aksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  35. RIÉ 311

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Aksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  36. RIÉ 312

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Aksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  37. RIÉ 313

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Aratu · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  38. RIÉ 314

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi Keramaten · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  39. RIÉ 315

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  40. RIÉ 316

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  41. RIÉ 317

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  42. RIÉ 318

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Tentative transliterated reading available; native-script transcription unavailable here.
    English
    Tentative lexical or personal-name gloss available in the reader.
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  43. RIÉ 320

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  44. RIÉ 321

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  45. RIÉ 322

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  46. RIÉ 323

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  47. RIÉ 324

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  48. RIÉ 325

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  49. RIÉ 326

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  50. RIÉ 327

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  51. RIÉ 328

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  52. RIÉ 329

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  53. RIÉ 330

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  54. RIÉ 331

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  55. RIÉ 332

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  56. RIÉ 333

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Matara · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
Earlier, later & uncertain comparisons4
  1. RIÉ 276

    reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes, 246–221 BCE · ʾAdulis · Ancient Greek

    reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes, 246–221 BCE

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  2. RIÉ 289

    pre-Aksumite royal-name seal · Yeha · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    pre-Aksumite royal-name seal

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  3. RIÉ 292

    commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Sabea · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  4. RIÉ 319

    commentary includes a pre-Aksumite comparison or possible assignment · Matara · Geʿez

    Possibly pre-Aksumite; retained for comparison

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here