418 inscriptions
DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.
243 inscriptions in chronological order
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 233Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDabra Dāmmo
This rocher from Dabra Dāmmo preserves group b, first line only.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 234Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDǝrʿā Qoḥayto
This pierre from Dǝrʿā Qoḥayto preserves tentative surviving clause.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 235Aksumite corpus; date uncertainLaʿlay ʿAddi
This unspecified from Laʿlay ʿAddi preserves probable personal name.
ʾWST
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 238Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 240Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 241Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 242Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves both texts.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 243Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 244Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published interpretation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 245Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 246Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 247Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 248Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves first line and tentative continuation. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 249Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaqanāmo
This unspecified from Daqanāmo preserves recognizable name and word only.
ʾZB; bh
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 250Aksumite corpus; date uncertainSaro
This affleurement de roc from Saro preserves three principal lines.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.
RIÉ 252Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDaʿru
This paroi de la grotte from Daʿru preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
RIÉ 253 · DAE 41 · FacsimileRIÉ 253Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves recognizable name only.
Tadeyos
RIÉ 254 · Four-line graffito below the monogram · DAE 63 facsimileRIÉ 254Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves tentative published translation. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
RIÉ 255 · DAE 68 · FacsimileRIÉ 255Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
RIÉ 256 · DAE 85 · FacsimileRIÉ 256Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves published translation.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
RIÉ 257 · DAE 86 · FacsimileRIÉ 257Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves alternative interpretations.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
RIÉ 258 · DAE 89 · FacsimileRIÉ 258Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves uncertain abbreviated name. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.
z-m-k-
RIÉ 259 · DAE 96 · FacsimileRIÉ 259Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves published translation with restorations.
Native-script transcription is not available here.
RIÉ 260 · DAE 100 · FacsimileRIÉ 260Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAddi Alawti
This unspecified from ʿAddi Alawti preserves recognizable name.
Za-Yoḥannəs
Source register
RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.
241–296 of 296 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · surroundings of ʿAddi ʿAlawti / Qohayto region · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
after 525 CE · Ẓafār, Yemen · Geʿez
after the Aksumite conquest of Himyar beginning in 525 CE
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha’s long royal inscription records a revolt, dam repairs, a church dedication, and embassies from neighbouring powers.
530 CE · Biʾr ʿAlī, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ and his sons record repairs to a fortress after returning from Ḥabašat and an Abyssinian invasion of Ḥimyar.
548 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Abraha records the construction, dimensions, and completion of a structure at the Great Dam of Maʾrib.
Late 3rd–early 4th century CE · Bayt al-Ashwāl, Ẓafār, Yemen, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A building dedication records reconstruction after a fire attributed to Abyssinian forces.
c. 530s CE · Ḍāf, Yemen · Late Sabaic
A Christian royal fragment names Sumyafaʿ Ashwaʿ, the rulers of Aksum, and Ella Aṣbeḥa. Its relationship to Wellcome A 103664 is uncertain.
558 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Late Sabaic
Tribal leaders commemorate work on the Maʾrib dam under Abraha. Four separately numbered portions form one inscription.
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A commander of Yūsuf Asʾar Yathʾar records the destruction of churches and conflict with Abyssinian forces.
552 CE · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
Abraha records a campaign against Maʿadd, military detachments, submission, and hostages.
523 CE · Biʾr Ḥimā, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A damaged campaign text recounts attacks at Ẓafār and Makhāwān and operations toward Najrān.
523 CE · ʿān-Halkān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A Ḥimyarite commander’s account of attacks on Abyssinians and churches, and preparations at Mandab and Najrān.
6th century CE; probably c. 552 · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
The qayl Mns¹ dhū-Dharnḥ records accompanying King Abraha on a campaign against Maʿadd.
6th century CE · Unknown, Unknown · Late Sabaic
A fragmentary Christian inscription mentions Aksum and Abyssinian forces at Ṣanʿāʾ; it may belong to the same text as Ist 7608 bis.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
A Sabaean dedication records an alliance with GDRT, king of Ḥabašat. Several ancient copies preserve this longer version.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
The shorter recension of the Riyām dedication, preserved in several copies. The photograph shows Gl 870+872.
3rd century CE · al-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two Sabaean officers dedicate bronze statues and record an embassy from Shammar dhū-Raydān and the tribes of Ḥabašat.
3rd century CE · Unknown, Unknown · Sabaic
A damaged dedication recounts campaigns against several opponents, including Ḥabašat.
Early 3rd century CE · Rayda, Yemen · Sabaic
Commanders serving Shaʿirum Awtar recount campaigns by land and sea in a dedication to their solar deity.
253 CE · al-Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
A military commemoration in the temple of the solar deity ʿAlyat, dated in the Ḥimyarite era.
272 CE · al-Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
A long temple text recounts military service under successive Ḥimyarite kings and campaigns involving Abyssinian forces.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Wfym ʾḏrḥ dedicates a bronze statue and bull after defending Ḥashid during the reign of Shaʿirum Awtar.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two qayls dedicate bronze statues after campaigns of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin against Ḥabašat and their allies.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Hʿn dedicates a bronze statue after a campaign against Abyssinian forces under Nashʾakarib Yuʾmin Yuharḥib.
c. 312–316 CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A Sabaean envoy records travel to the land of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites and his return with Abyssinian envoys.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two Sabaean kings dedicate silver statues after fighting Abyssinian forces and their allies in the western lowlands.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A fragmentary royal dedication recounts a campaign from Ṣanʿāʾ into Sahratān and the coastal country.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Qṭbn ʾwkn records an embassy to GDRT, king of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites, followed by campaigns involving the prince BYGT.
Early 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A dedication from the Awwām temple recounts military service, including operations involving Abyssinian forces.
c. 160–190 CE · Umm Laylā, Yemen · Sabaic
A tribal agreement to strengthen defences and restore cisterns after Abyssinian forces reached the country.
3rd century CE · al-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A Barʾān dedication combines favourable oracles, diplomacy with Ḥimyar, and campaigns against Abyssinian forces.
First half of the 3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
An Awwām dedication recounts conflict with Abyssinian forces in Sihām and Wādī Ḥaraḍ under Laḥayʿathat Yarkham.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
Two brothers thank ʾAlmaqah for their father’s return after an embassy to the Abyssinians and imprisonment at S³wm.
c. 552 CE · Murayghān, Saudi Arabia · Late Sabaic
A royal rock inscription records Abraha’s authority over Maʿadd and other Arabian communities.
3rd century CE · Maḥram Bilqīs, Yemen · Sabaic
A long dedication of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin recounts wars, hostages, and conflict involving Abyssinian forces.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · Jabal Riyām, Yemen · Sabaic
A fragmentary statue base preserves a shorter version of CIH 308, including GDRT and the alliance.
Middle Sabaic period; absolute date uncertain · Jabal Ḏaẖār, Yemen · Sabaic
A damaged building inscription records repairs to a city, houses, towers, and a burial place after an attack by an Abyssinian army. The surviving year-number is 98 or 198; its absolute date is not established here.
Late 2nd–early 3rd century CE · South Arabia · Sabaic
Alliance witness cited in the scholarly inventory; exact edition identified.
3rd century CE · Jabal Miʿsāl, Yemen · Sabaic
Rock inscription cited for campaigns against Abyssinians; lines 8–9 are discussed in the corpus.
