418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

Deutsche Aksum-Expedition photograph of the 52-line RIÉ 189 Ethiopic inscription recording Ezana’s Noba campaign.
RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

243 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 4972
RIÉ 206

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 206Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 206 fragment

This fragment from ʾAksum preserves alternative interpretations of a two-line fragment. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

ʾana […] / gb[…]

RIÉ 208

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 208Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 208 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAksum preserves single mason’s mark.

s-shaped mark

RIÉ 212

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 212Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAksum

RIÉ 212 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAksum preserves selected interpreted marks from a composite catalogue of sixty-four inscribed building stones. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

Stone 28: z-MʿR Stone 38: z-[personal name?] Stone 49: ŚRB Stone 54: z-[…]

RIÉ 213

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 213Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMeʾelan Debbas

RIÉ 213 building-stone marks

This bloc from Meʾelan Debbas preserves complete three-line text with one conjectural noun.

z-qśw z-[m]qbr z-HMN

RIÉ 215

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 215Aksumite corpus; date uncertainAbba Mäṭaʿ

RIÉ 215 basin

This basin from Abba Mäṭaʿ preserves complete short text with alternative grammatical analyses. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-lwd

RIÉ 217

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 217Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās

RIÉ 217 building-stone marks

This bloc from ʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās preserves complete published translation.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 218

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 218Aksumite corpus; date uncertainʿAnza

RIÉ 218 stele

This stele from ʿAnza preserves complete published translation of eight lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 219

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 219Aksumite corpus; date uncertainNāzret Māryām

RIÉ 219 basin

This basin from Nāzret Māryām preserves complete published translation across four faces, with a lost sculptor’s name.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 221

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 221Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMay Mbio

RIÉ 221 roc

This roc from May Mbio preserves complete short graffito with alternative readings. The reading or interpretation remains uncertain.

z-lbby / z-lbbʿ

RIÉ 222

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 222Aksumite corpus; date uncertainDǝḵana

RIÉ 222 building-stone marks

This bloc from Dǝḵana preserves complete published translation of two lines.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 224

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 224Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 224 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves ownership or workman’s formula.

zwd

RIÉ 225

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 225Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 225 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves line 1 only.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 226

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 226Aksumite corpus; date uncertainMaṭarā

RIÉ 226 stone inscription

This pierre from Maṭarā preserves published interpretation of the single word.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 228

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 228Aksumite corpus; date uncertainEdit

RIÉ 228 affleurement de roc

This affleurement de roc from Edit preserves published translation of the three-line graffito.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 229

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 229Aksumite corpus; date uncertainEdit

RIÉ 229 affleurement de roc

This affleurement de roc from Edit preserves both texts.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

RIÉ 230

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 230Aksumite corpus; date uncertainEdit

RIÉ 230 affleurement de roc

This affleurement de roc from Edit preserves published translation.

Native-script transcription is not available here.

Source register

Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

1–60 of 296 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Aksumite corpus & Arabian witnesses60
  1. Fiaccadori 2007

    fifth or sixth century CE · Gumalē, near Aksum, Ethiopia · Ancient Greek

    Aksumite corpus supplement; date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    English translation available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  2. newBronze1

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Provenance uncertain · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus supplement; date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  3. newBronze2

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Provenance uncertain · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus supplement; date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  4. RIÉ 180

    early Aksumite; before 300 CE on palaeographic grounds · ʿAddi Gälämo · Geʿez

    early Aksumite; before 300 CE on palaeographic grounds

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    English translation available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  5. RIÉ 181

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  6. RIÉ 182

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  7. RIÉ 183

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Safra · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  8. RIÉ 184

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Zǝban Kutur · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  9. RIÉ 184 A

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  10. RIÉ 184 B

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  11. RIÉ 184 C

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  12. RIÉ 184 D

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  13. RIÉ 185 and 270

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription · Provenance not resolved · Geʿez

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  14. RIÉ 185bis and 270bis

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription · Provenance not resolved · Geʿez

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    Complete parallel English translation from checked French available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  15. RIÉ 186

    fourth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  16. RIÉ 187

    fourth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  17. RIÉ 188

    fourth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  18. RIÉ 189

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription · It was recorded by Rüppel in in the 1830s; by the time of the Deutsche Aksum-Expedition 1906 it had been moved to the Aksum Cathedral. · Geʿez

    fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  19. RIÉ 191

    early sixth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script

    early sixth century; reign of Kaleb

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    English translation available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  20. RIÉ 192

    early sixth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez

    sixth century; reign of Waʿzeb, son of Kaleb

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  21. RIÉ 194

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  22. RIÉ 195

    about 530 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Geʿez

    sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    English translation available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  23. RIÉ 196

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 24, available in the reader.
  24. RIÉ 197

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  25. RIÉ 198

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 17, available in the reader.
  26. RIÉ 199

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact drawing from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 18, available in the reader.
  27. RIÉ 200

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact photograph from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 15, available in the reader.
  28. RIÉ 201

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 16, available in the reader.
  29. RIÉ 203

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 20, available in the reader.
  30. RIÉ 204

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 21, available in the reader.
  31. RIÉ 205

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 22, available in the reader.
  32. RIÉ 206

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  33. RIÉ 208

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    mason's mark; date not established

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  34. RIÉ 209

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    uncertain mark or inscription

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 25 A, available in the reader.
  35. RIÉ 210

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 25 B, available in the reader.
  36. RIÉ 211

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 25 C, available in the reader.
  37. RIÉ 212

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  38. RIÉ 213

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Meʾelan Debbas · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  39. RIÉ 214

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Abba Liqanos · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 23, available in the reader.
  40. RIÉ 215

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Abba Mäṭaʿ · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  41. RIÉ 216

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yǝḥa · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  42. RIÉ 217

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  43. RIÉ 218

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAnza · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  44. RIÉ 219

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Nāzret Māryām · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  45. RIÉ 220

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Gundǝfru Śǝllase · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  46. RIÉ 221

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · May Mbio · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  47. RIÉ 222

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Dǝḵana · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  48. RIÉ 223

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription available in reader
    English
    English translation available in reader
    Image
    Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
  49. RIÉ 224

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  50. RIÉ 225

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  51. RIÉ 226

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  52. RIÉ 227

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  53. RIÉ 228

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  54. RIÉ 229

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  55. RIÉ 230

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  56. RIÉ 231

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    Published plate cited; image not yet available here
  57. RIÉ 233

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Dabra Dāmmo · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  58. RIÉ 234

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Dǝrʿā Qoḥayto · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  59. RIÉ 235

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
    English
    English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here
  60. RIÉ 236

    Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Geʿez

    Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain

    Original
    Native-script transcription not yet available
    English
    No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
    Image
    No exact artifact image available here