418 inscriptions

Inscriptions

DʿMT and Aksumite texts in their attested scripts, with published translations and exact sources.

RIÉ 189ʿEzana’s Noba campaignAksum, Ethiopia

Catalogue

243 inscriptions in chronological order

Showing 1–24

RIÉ 290

No verified photograph or facsimile is available here. The cited edition identifies the object.

RIÉ 290around the beginning of the Aksumite periodMatara

RIÉ 290 seal

This seal from Matara preserves surviving short text or mark.

z h (?)

Geʿez in South Arabian-derived scriptRead text

Robin-Umm Laylā 1

Robin-Umm Laylā 1c. 160–190 CEUmm Laylā, Yemen

Defences against the Abyssinians

A tribal agreement to strengthen defences and restore cisterns after Abyssinian forces reached the country.

𐩱𐩩𐩣 𐩥-𐩴𐩣 𐩦𐩲𐩨𐩬 𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬 𐩴—

SabaicRead text

RIÉ 180

RIÉ 180late 2nd–early 3rd century CEAddi Gelemo, Ethiopia

GDR’s inscribed bronze royal object

This complete seven-word Geʿez text on a curved bronze object gives GDR the short title ‘king of Aksum’ and is commonly treated as the earliest surviving indigenous royal inscription of the Aksumite period.

ገደረ ነገሠየ አከሰመ ተበዐለ መዘለተ ለአረገ ወለለመቀ

GeʿezRead text

CIH 308 · Vienna Sem 1 / Gl 1076

CIH 308Late 2nd–early 3rd century CEJabal Riyām, Yemen

GDRT’s alliance with Sabaʾ

A Sabaean dedication records an alliance with GDRT, king of Ḥabašat. Several ancient copies preserve this longer version.

𐩲(𐩡)𐩠𐩬 𐩬(𐩠𐩰𐩬) 𐩥-(𐩨)𐩬𐩺-(𐩠)𐩥 𐩦𐩲𐩧𐩣 𐩱𐩥𐩩𐩧 𐩣𐩡𐩫 (𐩪𐩨)[𐩱 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩺𐩧]—

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CIH 308 bis · Gl 870+872

CIH 308 bisLate 2nd–early 3rd century CEJabal Riyām, Yemen

GDRT’s alliance: the shorter version

The shorter recension of the Riyām dedication, preserved in several copies. The photograph shows Gl 870+872.

[𐩲𐩡𐩠𐩬 𐩬𐩠𐩰𐩬 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩦𐩲𐩧𐩣 𐩱𐩥𐩩𐩧 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩨𐩬𐩺]

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Gr 210

Gr 210Late 2nd–early 3rd century CEJabal Riyām, Yemen

GDRT’s alliance: a fragment from Riyām

A fragmentary statue base preserves a shorter version of CIH 308, including GDRT and the alliance.

[... ...]

SabaicRead text

RIÉ 223

RIÉ 2233rd century CEMatara, Eritrea

The Hawulti stela at Matara

A short memorial inscription states that ʾGZ commissioned the stela for his ancestors and that two named companions transported it.

ዘ ሀወለተ ዘአገበረ አገዘ ለአበወሀ ወሰሀበ መሀዘተ ወአወአለፈ ወጸበለ

GeʿezRead text

Ir 12

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ir 12Early 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Garrison service against the Abyssinians

Wfym ʾḏrḥ dedicates a bronze statue and bull after defending Ḥashid during the reign of Shaʿirum Awtar.

𐩥𐩰𐩺𐩣 𐩱𐩹𐩧𐩢 𐩨𐩬 [... ...] 𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠 𐩻𐩠𐩥𐩬 𐩨𐩲𐩡 𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩮𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩻𐩥𐩧𐩬 𐩹-𐩹𐩠𐩨𐩬 𐩺𐩥𐩣 𐩠𐩥𐩮𐩩-𐩠𐩥 𐩣𐩧𐩱-𐩠𐩥 𐩦𐩲𐩧𐩣 𐩱𐩥𐩩𐩧 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩡-𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩥-𐩤𐩧𐩬 𐩨-𐩱𐩥𐩻𐩬 𐩦𐩲𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩦𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩳𐩧 𐩳𐩧𐩧𐩥 𐩱𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩬 𐩥-𐩹-𐩫𐩥𐩬 𐩫𐩥𐩬-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩨𐩬 𐩪𐩥𐩠𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬

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Ja 631

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ja 631Early 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

An embassy to GDRT

Qṭbn ʾwkn records an embassy to GDRT, king of Ḥabašat and the Aksumites, followed by campaigns involving the prince BYGT.

𐩤𐩷𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩥𐩫𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩴𐩧𐩩 𐩱𐩤𐩥𐩡 𐩦𐩲[𐩨𐩬 𐩪𐩣𐩠𐩧𐩣 𐩺𐩠𐩥𐩡𐩵 𐩠𐩤𐩬]—

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Ja 635

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ja 635Early 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Campaigns under Shaʿirum Awtar

A dedication from the Awwām temple recounts military service, including operations involving Abyssinian forces.

[𐩱𐩨𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩱](𐩢)𐩧𐩪 𐩨𐩬 𐩲𐩨𐩡𐩣 |

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Ry 533

Ry 533Early 3rd century CERayda, Yemen

Sea campaigns and Abyssinian forces

Commanders serving Shaʿirum Awtar recount campaigns by land and sea in a dedication to their solar deity.

[... ...]

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FB-Maḥram Bilqīs 2

FB-Maḥram Bilqīs 2First half of the 3rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

The campaign of Wafī Adhraḥ

An Awwām dedication recounts conflict with Abyssinian forces in Sihām and Wādī Ḥaraḍ under Laḥayʿathat Yarkham.

𐩥𐩰𐩺𐩣 𐩱𐩹𐩧𐩢 𐩨𐩬 𐩫𐩨𐩪𐩺𐩣 𐩥-𐩰𐩥𐩡𐩣

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RIÉ 275

The cited edition contains a plate of this inscription; no image is available here.

RIÉ 275Aksumite period; absolute chronology disputedDaqqi Maḥari, Eritrea

Sembrouthes’ year-24 Greek dedication

A Greek royal dedication names Sembrouthes as great king of the Aksumites and dates the act to his twenty-fourth regnal year.

Βασιλεὺς ἐκ βασι- λέων Ἀξωμει- τῶν μέγας Σεμβρούθης ἐλθὼν καθεί- δρυσε, ἔτους κδ Σεμβρούθου μεγάλου [space] βασιλέως

Ancient GreekRead text

CIH 314+954

CIH 314+9543rd century CEal-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen

Peace sought by Ḥimyar and Ḥabašat

Two Sabaean officers dedicate bronze statues and record an embassy from Shammar dhū-Raydān and the tribes of Ḥabašat.

(𐩧𐩨𐩦)[𐩣𐩪](𐩣)( )(𐩺𐩸𐩵) [𐩨𐩬 𐩪𐩱𐩧𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩺𐩡](𐩣) [𐩥]-(𐩣)[𐩥𐩳𐩲𐩣 𐩥]-

SabaicRead text

CIH 350

CIH 3503rd century CEUnknown, Unknown

A soldier’s dedication to Taʾlab

A damaged dedication recounts campaigns against several opponents, including Ḥabašat.

[... ...]

SabaicRead text

Ir 19

Ir 193rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Campaigns in Sahratān

Two qayls dedicate bronze statues after campaigns of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin against Ḥabašat and their allies.

[𐩫𐩧𐩨𐩲𐩻𐩩 𐩺𐩵𐩰𐩻 𐩥-𐩪𐩲𐩵𐩲𐩻𐩩]𐩧 𐩺𐩪𐩫𐩧 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩴𐩧𐩩 𐩥-

SabaicRead text

Published facsimile of Ir 69, reproduced in its DASI record.

Ir 69 · facsimile

Ir 693rd century CEal-ʿAmāyid / ʿArsh Bilqīs, Yemen

Oracles, diplomacy, and war

A Barʾān dedication combines favourable oracles, diplomacy with Ḥimyar, and campaigns against Abyssinian forces.

𐩥𐩠𐩨𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩺𐩱𐩹𐩰 𐩹-𐩴𐩵𐩬𐩣 𐩥-𐩭𐩹𐩥𐩩 𐩥-

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Ja 574

Ja 5743rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub’s coastal campaign

Two Sabaean kings dedicate silver statues after fighting Abyssinian forces and their allies in the western lowlands.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧(𐩢) 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 [𐩥-](𐩱𐩭𐩺)-(𐩠)[𐩥 𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-](𐩹)-(𐩧𐩺𐩵)𐩬 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩰𐩧𐩲𐩣 𐩺—

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Ja 575

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ja 5753rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

Pursuit of Abyssinian forces

A fragmentary royal dedication recounts a campaign from Ṣanʿāʾ into Sahratān and the coastal country.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩥-𐩱𐩭𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩰𐩧𐩲𐩣 𐩺𐩬𐩠𐩨 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱( 𐩠)[𐩤𐩬𐩺𐩺 ... ... 𐩨]—

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Ja 576+577

Ja 576+5773rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

A royal campaign record

A long dedication of Ilsharaḥ Yaḥḍub and Yaʾzil Bayyin recounts wars, hostages, and conflict involving Abyssinian forces.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩥-𐩱(𐩭𐩺)-(𐩠𐩥)[ 𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 ]𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩨𐩬𐩺 𐩰𐩧𐩲𐩣 𐩺𐩬𐩠𐩨 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 [𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺𐩺 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠-𐩻𐩠𐩥𐩬-𐩨𐩲𐩡-𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩩𐩪]𐩲𐩩𐩬(([𐩪𐩨]𐩲𐩩𐩬)) 𐩱𐩮𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩱𐩡𐩺 𐩮𐩧𐩰𐩬 𐩢𐩣𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩹𐩩 𐩠𐩥𐩦𐩲 𐩥-𐩠𐩧𐩵𐩱𐩬 𐩲𐩨𐩵-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩨-𐩦𐩫𐩧 𐩫𐩡 𐩱𐩭𐩣𐩪 𐩥-𐩱𐩦𐩲𐩨 𐩩𐩬𐩦𐩱𐩥 𐩨-𐩲𐩡𐩺-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩳𐩧𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩦𐩲𐩨 𐩦𐩱𐩣𐩩 𐩥-𐩺𐩣𐩬𐩩 𐩥-𐩨[𐩢]—

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Ja 585

Ja 5853rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

The return of an imprisoned envoy

Two brothers thank ʾAlmaqah for their father’s return after an embassy to the Abyssinians and imprisonment at S³wm.

𐩺𐩮𐩨𐩢 𐩱𐩦𐩥𐩲 𐩥-𐩱𐩭𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩲𐩧𐩨𐩣 𐩨𐩬𐩥 𐩹-𐩲𐩨𐩡𐩣 𐩥-𐩠𐩲(𐩡𐩡)( )[𐩠𐩤𐩬]—

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al-Ḥasanī 2017

al-Ḥasanī 2017Middle Sabaic period; absolute date uncertainJabal Ḏaẖār, Yemen

Rebuilding Ṣyrtān after an Abyssinian attack

A damaged building inscription records repairs to a city, houses, towers, and a burial place after an attack by an Abyssinian army. The surviving year-number is 98 or 198; its absolute date is not established here.

𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩱𐩮𐩵𐩤 𐩥-𐩨𐩬𐩺-𐩠𐩥 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧 𐩥-𐩱(𐩡)𐩲[... ...]

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Ir 20

No artifact photograph was located in the cited DASI record or the checked edition plates.

Ir 203rd century CEMaḥram Bilqīs, Yemen

A western expedition

Hʿn dedicates a bronze statue after a campaign against Abyssinian forces under Nashʾakarib Yuʾmin Yuharḥib.

𐩠𐩲𐩬 [... ...] 𐩣𐩤𐩩𐩥𐩺 𐩬𐩦𐩱𐩫𐩧𐩨 𐩺𐩱𐩣𐩬 𐩺𐩠𐩧𐩢𐩨 𐩣𐩡𐩫 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩡𐩦𐩧𐩢 𐩺𐩢𐩳𐩨 𐩥-𐩺𐩱𐩸𐩡 𐩨𐩺𐩬 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩺 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩥-𐩹-𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬 𐩠𐩤𐩬𐩺 𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠-𐩨𐩲𐩡-𐩱𐩥𐩣 𐩮𐩡𐩣𐩬 𐩹-𐩹𐩠𐩨𐩬 𐩢𐩣𐩵𐩣 𐩨-𐩹𐩩 𐩠𐩥𐩰𐩺 𐩲𐩨𐩵-𐩠𐩥 𐩠𐩲𐩬 𐩨-𐩫𐩡 𐩱𐩣𐩡𐩱 𐩪𐩩𐩣𐩡𐩱 𐩨-𐩲𐩣-𐩠𐩥 𐩨-𐩫𐩬 𐩪𐩨𐩱 𐩣𐩲𐩧𐩨𐩬 𐩨-𐩤𐩠𐩩 𐩣𐩧𐩱-𐩠𐩣𐩥 𐩣𐩡𐩫𐩬 𐩥-𐩱𐩩𐩥𐩥 𐩨-𐩱𐩢𐩡𐩡𐩣 𐩥-𐩪𐩨𐩺𐩣 𐩥-𐩶𐩬𐩣𐩣 𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩬 𐩹-𐩲𐩵𐩥𐩥 𐩨-𐩲𐩣 𐩧𐩪𐩣 𐩥-𐩹-𐩨𐩬 𐩱𐩪𐩠𐩧𐩬

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MAFRAY-al-Miʿsāl 2

MAFRAY-al-Miʿsāl 2253 CEal-Miʿsāl, Yemen

Lḥyʿat Awkān’s campaign record

A military commemoration in the temple of the solar deity ʿAlyat, dated in the Ḥimyarite era.

𐩡𐩢𐩺𐩲𐩩 𐩱𐩥𐩫𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩺𐩲𐩸𐩸 𐩥-𐩨𐩬 𐩣𐩲𐩠𐩧 𐩥-𐩹-𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬 𐩥-𐩢𐩼𐩺𐩬 𐩨𐩬 𐩫𐩡𐩲𐩬 𐩥-𐩹-𐩨𐩩𐩲𐩬 𐩥-𐩧𐩺𐩣𐩬 𐩤𐩺𐩡 𐩦𐩲𐩨𐩬 𐩧𐩵𐩣𐩬 𐩥-𐩭𐩥𐩡𐩬 𐩥-𐩣𐩢𐩧𐩴 𐩦—

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Source register

RIÉ 1–443, with separately numbered text versions, supplements, and Arabian witnesses from the checked corpus and DASI. Dates and uncertain identifications follow the cited editions; missing texts, translations, and images are recorded below.

1–60 of 296 entries. Copies and language versions retain their own references.

Aksumite corpus & Arabian witnesses60

Fiaccadori 2007
fifth or sixth century CE · Gumalē, near Aksum, Ethiopia · Ancient Greek
Aksumite corpus supplement; date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
English translation available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- Beta maṣāḥǝft inscription catalogue record.
newBronze1
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Provenance uncertain · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus supplement; date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- Beta maṣāḥǝft inscription catalogue record.
newBronze2
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Provenance uncertain · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus supplement; date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- Beta maṣāḥǝft inscription catalogue record.
RIÉ 180
early Aksumite; before 300 CE on palaeographic grounds · ʿAddi Gälämo · Geʿez
early Aksumite; before 300 CE on palaeographic grounds
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 219; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 219—220; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 89; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 155–166
RIÉ 181
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 181, pp. 167.
RIÉ 182
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 182, pp. 172.
RIÉ 183
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Safra · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 183, pp. 178–179.
RIÉ 184
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Zǝban Kutur · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 184, pp. 192.
RIÉ 184 A
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 184 A, pp. 192.
RIÉ 184 B
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 184 B, pp. 193.
RIÉ 184 C
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 184 C, pp. 193.
RIÉ 184 D
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 184 D, pp. 193.
RIÉ 185 and 270
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription · Provenance not resolved · Geʿez
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 241-245, page 363-367; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 99-101, plate 179; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 5-11; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 197-205
RIÉ 185bis and 270bis
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription · Provenance not resolved · Geʿez
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
Complete parallel English translation from checked French available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 246-250, page 367-370; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 246—250, page 367—370; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 102—108, plate 180; RIÉ III.A, Greek texts (Bernand 2000), page 12–15; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 205–207
RIÉ 186
fourth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 250-254; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 109-112; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 207-215
RIÉ 187
fourth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 255-258; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 113-115; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 215-228
RIÉ 188
fourth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 258-261; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 258—261; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 109—112; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 228–232
RIÉ 189
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription · It was recorded by Rüppel in in the 1830s; by the time of the Deutsche Aksum-Expedition 1906 it had been moved to the Aksum Cathedral. · Geʿez
fourth-century Aksumite royal inscription
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 262-267; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 262—267; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 119—123; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 232–241
RIÉ 191
early sixth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez in South Arabian-derived script
early sixth century; reign of Kaleb
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 271-274; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 271—274; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 129—132; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 248–255
RIÉ 192
early sixth century CE · Aksum, Ethiopia · Geʿez
sixth century; reign of Waʿzeb, son of Kaleb
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
Complete fresh English translation from checked French available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 274-278; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 274—278; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 133—137; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 255–269
RIÉ 194
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 194, pp. 277–278.
RIÉ 195
about 530 CE · Maʾrib, Yemen · Geʿez
sixth-century Aksumite presence in South Arabia
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 284-288; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 284—288; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 143—144; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 279–285
RIÉ 196
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 24, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 196, pp. 289.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 54, no. 24.
RIÉ 197
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 197, pp. 290.
RIÉ 198
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 17, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 198, pp. 291.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 50, no. 17.
RIÉ 199
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact artifact drawing from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 18, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 199, pp. 293.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 51, no. 18.
RIÉ 200
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact photograph from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 15, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 200, pp. 296.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 49, no. 15.
RIÉ 201
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 16, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 201, pp. 300.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 49, no. 16.
RIÉ 203
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 20, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 203, pp. 303.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 52, no. 20.
RIÉ 204
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 21, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 204, pp. 304.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 52, no. 21.
RIÉ 205
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 22, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 205, pp. 305.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 53, no. 22.
RIÉ 206
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 206, pp. 305–306.
RIÉ 208
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
mason's mark; date not established
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 208, pp. 306.
RIÉ 209
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
uncertain mark or inscription
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 25 A, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 209, pp. 306–307.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 54, no. 25 A.
RIÉ 210
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 25 B, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 210, pp. 307.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 54, no. 25 B.
RIÉ 211
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 25 C, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 211, pp. 307.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 54, no. 25 C.
RIÉ 212
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAksum · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 212, pp. 308–309.
RIÉ 213
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Meʾelan Debbas · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 213, pp. 309–310.
RIÉ 214
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Abba Liqanos · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Exact facsimile from Littmann, DAE IV (1913), no. 23, available in the reader.
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 214, pp. 310.
- Enno Littmann, Deutsche Aksum-Expedition IV (1913), p. 53, no. 23.
RIÉ 215
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Abba Mäṭaʿ · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 215, pp. 311.
RIÉ 216
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Yǝḥa · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 216, pp. 311.
RIÉ 217
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʾAmbā ʾAddi Māqdās · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 217, pp. 311–312.
RIÉ 218
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · ʿAnza · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 218, pp. 312.
RIÉ 219
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Nāzret Māryām · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 219, pp. 315.
RIÉ 220
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Gundǝfru Śǝllase · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 220, pp. 316.
RIÉ 221
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · May Mbio · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 221, pp. 317.
RIÉ 222
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Dǝḵana · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 222, pp. 317.
RIÉ 223
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription available in reader
English
English translation available in reader
Image
Exact artifact photograph or published plate available in reader
- RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 318-319; RIÉ I (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), page 318—319; RIÉ II, plates (Bernand, Drewes and Schneider 1991), plate 159—160; RIÉ III.B (Drewes 2019), page 318—322
RIÉ 224
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 224, pp. 322.
RIÉ 225
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 225, pp. 323.
RIÉ 226
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 226, pp. 323.
RIÉ 227
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Maṭarā · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 227, pp. 323.
RIÉ 228
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 228, pp. 324.
RIÉ 229
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 229, pp. 324–325.
RIÉ 230
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 230, pp. 325–326.
RIÉ 231
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Edit · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Edition text not transcribed here; published RIÉ or DAE plate cited
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
Published plate cited; image not yet available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 231, pp. 326.
RIÉ 233
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Dabra Dāmmo · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 233, pp. 334.
RIÉ 234
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Dǝrʿā Qoḥayto · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 234, pp. 334.
RIÉ 235
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not available here; transliterated reading supplied
English
English translation or lexical gloss available in reader
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 235, pp. 334–335.
RIÉ 236
Aksumite corpus; date uncertain · Laʿlay ʿAddi · Geʿez
Aksumite corpus; individual date uncertain
Original
Native-script transcription not yet available
English
No secure translation in the checked source, or translation not yet available here
Image
No exact artifact image available here
- A. J. Drewes, RIÉ III.B (2019), no. 236, pp. 335.

Catalogue

newBronze1

newBronze2

RIÉ 184 A

RIÉ 216

RIÉ 220

RIÉ 227

RIÉ 231

RIÉ 236